The Effects of Role Differentiation Among Clergy: Impact on Pastoral Burnout and Job Satisfaction.

The present study investigated the impact of differentiation of self as an emotion regulation strategy on work and family conflict, ministerial job satisfaction, and burnout for pastors. Specifically, does differentiation of self provide a psychological resource for pastors coping with the experience of burnout as emotional exhaustion, given the unique social context of the pastor's family and the role emotional labor has in causing burnout in social service professions? A unique aspect of the pastorate is the pastor's family's social context of living with the congregation. Due to this unique social context, work and family conflict were investigated as predictors of pastoral burnout. A sample of pastors (N = 164) was surveyed to investigate the impact of differentiation and job satisfaction on personal and work-related burnout. Findings suggest that differentiation of self provides a resource against the personal experience of burnout, while ministerial job satisfaction buffers pastors against work-related burnout.

Development and Assessment of the SMAP Enhanced Passive Soil Moisture Product.

Launched in January 2015, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory was designed to provide frequent global mapping of high-resolution soil moisture and freeze-thaw state every two to three days using a radar and a radiometer operating at L-band frequencies. Despite a hardware mishap that rendered the radar inoperable shortly after launch, the radiometer continues to operate nominally, returning more than two years of science data that have helped to improve existing hydrological applications and foster new ones. Beginning in late 2016 the SMAP project launched a suite of new data products with the objective of recovering some high-resolution observation capability loss resulting from the radar malfunction. Among these new data products are the SMAP Enhanced Passive Soil Moisture Product that was released in December 2016, followed by the SMAP/Sentinel-1 Active-Passive Soil Moisture Product in April 2017. This article covers the development and assessment of the SMAP Level 2 Enhanced Passive Soil Moisture Product (L2_SM_P_E). The product distinguishes itself from the current SMAP Level 2 Passive Soil Moisture Product (L2_SM_P) in that the soil moisture retrieval is posted on a 9 km grid instead of a 36 km grid. This is made possible by first applying the Backus-Gilbert optimal interpolation technique to the antenna temperature (TA) data in the original SMAP Level 1B Brightness Temperature Product to take advantage of the overlapped radiometer footprints on orbit. The resulting interpolated TA data then go through various correction/calibration procedures to become the SMAP Level 1C Enhanced Brightness Temperature Product (LiC_TB_E). The LiC_TB_E product, posted on a 9 km grid, is then used as the primary input to the current operational SMAP baseline soil moisture retrieval algorithm to produce L2_SM_P_E as the final output. Images of the new product reveal enhanced visual features that are not apparent in the standard product. Based on in situ data from core validation sites and sparse networks representing different seasons and biomes all over the world, comparisons between L2_SM_P_E and in situ data were performed for the duration of April 1, 2015 - October 30, 2016. It was found that the performance of the enhanced 9 km L2_SM_P_E is equivalent to that of the standard 36 km L2_SM_P, attaining a retrieval uncertainty below 0.040 m3/m3 unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) and a correlation coefficient above 0.800. This assessment also affirmed that the Single Channel Algorithm using the V-polarized TB channel (SCA-V) delivered the best retrieval performance among the various algorithms implemented for L2_SM_P_E, a result similar to a previous assessment for L2_SM_P.

Energy-based device treatment of melasma: An update and review of the literature.

Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder commonly seen in sun-exposed areas. Predominantly affecting women of childbearing age, melasma can be difficult to treat for many patients. A variety of options currently exist; however, definitive treatment remains elusive. This article provides a review of the current literature and examines in detail the various energy-based devices used to treat melasma.

Radiofrequency in Cosmetic Dermatology: An Update.

Treatment options for cosmetic improvement of the skin and body continue to grow more numerous with each passing year. The decline in utilization of invasive surgical treatments for aging and body contour correlates with the recent rise in laser and light devices. These light based technologies transmit either a single or broad wavelength of amplified light to the skin, resulting in volumetric tissue heating. Depending on the chromophore targeted and wavelength applied, varied applications exist to treat numerous cosmetic concerns. Radiofrequency (RF) devices have become more popular recently as science has advanced and brought new, safer, and better therapies.

Patient safety in procedural dermatology: Part II. Safety related to cosmetic procedures.

Cosmetic procedures are growing in popularity and are associated with unique risks. Considering potential complications and prioritizing patient safety will help practitioners improve outcomes of elective procedures. In part II of this continuing medical education article, we provide a comprehensive review of patient safety in cosmetic procedures, including medical and legal issues surrounding the supervision and training of physician extenders.

Pseudoaneurysm formation and repair after Mohs micrographic surgery: a report of 3 cases.

IMPORTANCE: Pseudoaneurysm is a well-known complication of trauma and iatrogenic injury to the vasculature. We report 3 cases of postsurgical pseudoaneurysm after Mohs surgery. OBSERVATIONS: Three patients who underwent Mohs surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancers presented between 2 and 4 weeks after surgery with several days' history of painful, enlarging, pulsatile subcutaneous masses. The lesions were diagnosed as postsurgical pseudoaneurysm. During surgical repair of each lesion, we identified vascular outpouchings that were connected to the injured arteries by sinus tracts. In all 3 patients, we ligated the affected artery and the neck of each lesion and reapproximated the skin. All wounds healed well without further recurrence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Most reported cases of pseudoaneurysm formation in the head and neck involve the superficial temporal artery and its branches, and they typically occur secondary to blunt force trauma. Our cases are unique in that they included 1 case of a superficial temporal lesion but also 2 cases outside this system: 1 of the lateral nasal artery and 1 of the angular artery. We propose operative repair as the treatment of choice for facial pseudoaneurysms that complicate dermatologic surgery.

Focal preauricular dermal dysplasia in a newborn.

We report a case of focal preauricular dermal dysplasia in an 18-day-old healthy girl. We discuss the classification of focal preauricular dermal dysplasia within the spectrum of focal facial dermal dysplasia and aplasia cutis congenita.

Vitamin D levels, dietary intake, and photoprotective behaviors among patients with skin cancer.

Photoprotection against ultraviolet light is an important part of our armamentarium against actinically derived skin cancers. However, there has been concern that adherence to photoprotection may lead to low vitamin D status, leading to negative effects on patients' health. In this work we discuss previous findings in this area, which do not give a clear picture as to the relationship between vitamin D levels and photoprotection measures, as well as research performed by the authors, who did not detect a relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and adherence to photoprotection measures in subjects with skin cancer, as assessed by the use of sunscreen, clothing, hats, sunglasses, and umbrellas/shade through the Sun Protection Habits Index. Subjects who took vitamin D oral supplementation had greater serum 25(OH)D levels than those who did not, whereas dietary intake through foods did not predict 25(OH)D levels in the authors' study. However, there was a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in the authors' study population, highlighting the importance of assessing vitamin D status and recommending oral vitamin D supplementation when indicated.