ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Drug resistance poses a major barrier to global control of TB - a leading infectious cause of death. Depression and stigma occur commonly among people with TB. However, the relationship between drug-resistant forms of TB, depression and stigma are not well understood.OBJECTIVE: To compare depression, stigma and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), among people with drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).METHODS: A cross-sectional study of people treated for DS-TB and MDR-TB in four provinces of Vietnam. The survey included a stigma scale (Vietnamese Tuberculosis Stigma Scale), depression scale (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) and HRQoL scale (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Tuberculosis). Differences between the two populations were compared using linear regression.RESULTS: Eighty-one people with DS-TB and 315 people with MDR-TB participated in the study. People with MDR-TB had a higher prevalence of depression than those with DS-TB (difference 17.8%, χ² 8.64). The mean depression and stigma scores were higher for people with MDR-TB than those with DS-TB (adjusted difference [AD] 8.6 and 7.6 respectively). People with MDR-TB reported lower HRQoL than those with DS-TB (AD -23.8).CONCLUSION: Depression and stigma are common among people with TB in Vietnam. Strategies to prevent and treat depressive symptoms and stigma in people with TB are critical to a holistic, patient-centred approach to care.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/epidemiology , Humans , Quality of Life , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Vietnam/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to present the technique and early outcomes of single trocar retroperitoneoscopic assisted ureteroureterostomy for ureteral duplication. The patient was placed in a lateral decubitus position. A skin incision of 11 mm width was made above the iliac crest. The operation was performed through single trocar with operating laparoscope. The two ureters were encircled with a vessel loop and exteriorized outside the retroperitoneal space via trocar incision. The pathologic ureter was divided as low as possible. The recipient ureter was opened longitudinally. End-to-side ureteroureterostomy anastomosis was performed extracorporeally with two running 6/0 PDS sutures. From December 2010 to July 2011, nine patients were operated on using the same technique. Patient's ages ranged from 2 to 72 months. Mean operative time was 78 ± 21 min. There were no intra or postoperative complications. Postoperative stay was 2.6 ± 1.0 days. Follow-up revealed that two renal moieties preserved their functions in all patients. The diameter of involved ureters and pelvises was significantly reduced in all patients. Single trocar retroperitoneoscopic assisted ureteroureterostomy is safe and effective procedure for ureteral duplication.
Subject(s)
Laparoscopes , Laparoscopy/methods , Ureter/abnormalities , Ureter/surgery , Ureteral Obstruction/surgery , Ureterostomy/methods , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Child, Preschool , Equipment Design , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Retroperitoneal Space , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ureteral Obstruction/congenital , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/congenitalABSTRACT
The author presents the first report in performing single trocar nephrectomy for five patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). The mean operative time was 66 min and mean postoperative hospital stay was 36 h. There were no perioperative complications. The one-trocar nephrectomy is a feasible and safe procedure for patients with MCDK.
