ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To provide th e ideas a nd for individualized anti-infective treatment of infection after surgery for infants and young children with intussusception and enterobrosis ，and to provide reference for clinical pharmacists participating in the clinical treatment. METHODS ：Clinical pharmacists optimized the anti-infection program for an 11-month-old infant patient infected after surgery with intussusception and enterobrosis in Ordos Central Hospital ；they put forward medication suggestions in respects of the selection of initial anti-infection treatment program ，drug replacement ，the selection of anti-infection treatment program after blood culture showed Enterococcus coli and Enterococcus faecium ，and dosage adjustment. RESULTS ：According to the judgment of the common pathogens and the hospital or community infections in the infant patient with intussusception and enterobrosis，cefoperazone sulbactam 1.0 g，q12 h was adjusted to cefoperazone sulbactam 0.5 g，q8 h combined with Metronidazole chloride sodium injection 20 mL，q8 h；when the blood culture showed E. coli （ESBL-）and E. faecium ，it was recommended to add vancomycin 0.15 g，q12 h. After poor treatment ，it was recommended to adjust the vancomycin dose to 0.2 g，q8 h. All the above suggestions were adopted by doctors. And the child ’s body temperature dropped after treatment ，the blood culture turned negative and laboratory indicators returned to normal. The child was discharged smoothly. CONCLUSIONS ：Infants and young children are special groups. Therefore ，before using antibiotics ，clinical pharmacists should evaluate the age ，body weight ，liver and kidney functions of infants and young children. They should also help doctors select and adjust drugs ，frequency and dosage on the basis of pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety ，so as to avoid adverse drug reactions while ensure curative effect.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work was to prepare a nasal spray of bisoprolol fumarate (BF). The Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the BF nasal formulation were evaluated in Wistar rats. The BF nasal spray after administration exhibited very fast absorption and higher plasma drug concentration. The maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and the time to reach it (T(max)) were 409.5 ng/ml and 3.6 min for the BF nasal spray, 39.4 ng/ml and 26.7 min for the drug solution, respectively. The bioavailability of the BF nasal spray was greater than 1500.0%. Meantime, the effect of the BF nasal spray on nasal mucociliary movement was also studied with a toad palate model. The BF nasal preparation showed minor ciliotoxicity, but the adverse effect was temporary and reversible.
