ABSTRACT
Meat products were collected from public retail outlets and tested for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in an area with a high prevalence of VRE reported in human fecal samples. VRE were detected in 66% of the samples, and a predominance of VanC strains was found, which is also true for human fecal samples.
Subject(s)
Enterococcus/drug effects , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Meat Products/microbiology , Meat/microbiology , Vancomycin Resistance/genetics , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Cattle , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterococcus/classification , Enterococcus/genetics , Feces/microbiology , France , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Poultry , SwineABSTRACT
The variations in lipid metabolism according to the physiological stage and their relationship to the resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity were assessed in Limousine beef cows fed a grass diet over 3 yr. Weekly blood samples were collected from 59 cows beginning 10 wk before to 20 wk after calving to evaluate serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and electrophoretic lipoprotein fractions. After parturition, progesterone concentrations were also measured at weekly intervals to determine time of resumption of ovulation. Cows were categorized by resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity into 3 groups: early (4 to 6 wk post partum, n = 36); mid (7 to 10 wk post partum, n = 46) and late (after 11 wk post partum, n = 38). Higher serum triglyceride values (P<0.05) were observed during the last 10 wk of pregnancy (0.36+/-0.15 g/L) than during the first 20 wk of suckling (0.29+/-0.09 g/L). Cholesterol values decreased significantly (P<0.05) at the end of pregnancy, were minimal (1.01+/-0.03 g/L) at parturition, and increased again up to 9 wk post calving. Increased cholesterolemia and low serum triglyceride values after calving could be linked to the increased bovine alpha-lipoprotein fraction and decreased beta fraction. Serum triglyceride concentrations were not related to the resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity. Higher serum cholesterol values were observed from 2 wk before to 4 wk after calving in cows with early rather than mid and late resumption of ovarian cyclicity. Therefore, modifications in lipid metabolism during the puerperium seem to be related to resumption of cyclicity during the early postpartum period.
