ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are among the main components of the innate immune system. They can detect conserved structures in microorganisms and molecules associated with stress and cellular damage. TLRs are expressed in resident immune cells and both neurons and glial cells of the nervous system. Increasing evidence is emerging on the participation of TLRs not only in the immune response but also in processes of the nervous system, such as neurogenesis and cognition. Below, we present a review of the literature that evaluates the expression and role of TLRs in processes such as neurodevelopment, behavior, cognition, infection, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.
Subject(s)
Nervous System , Neurogenesis , Toll-Like Receptors , Humans , Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism , Animals , Nervous System/metabolism , Nervous System/immunology , Immunity, Innate , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/immunology , Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism , Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
This research aimed to synthesise an effective hydrochar adsorbent from vineyard pruning wastes to remove emerging contaminants as a potential valorisation product. The adsorption capacity of the hydrochar was optimised using the Taguchi method. Four synthesis variables were evaluated: hydrothermal reaction temperature, use of H3PO4 as a catalyst, number of acetone washes, and type of chemical cold activation. The simultaneous adsorption of five model pesticides (clothianidin (CTD), acetamiprid (ACE), 2,4-D, metalaxyl (MET), and atrazine (ATZ)) at an initial pH of 7 was studied. At optimum conditions, the hydrochar presented a total adsorption capacity of 22.7 µmol/g, representing a 2.7-fold improvement with respect to pristine hydrochar performance. High percentage removals were achieved for all pollutants (85 % CTD, 94 % ACE, 86 % MET, and 95 % ATZ) except for 2,4-D (4 %). This research provides a valuable reference for developing hydrochar adsorbents for pollution control and the valorisation of biomass wastes.
Subject(s)
Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water , Temperature , Adsorption , Cold Temperature , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , KineticsABSTRACT
Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de malnutrición, las características clínicas asociadas con la misma y el impacto del estado nutricional en la mortalidad, la calidad de vida y las habilidades relacionadas con el autocuidado y las actividades de la vida diaria en pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada. Métodos Entre junio de 2017 y diciembre de 2019 se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo multicéntrico de cohortes que incluyó a 260 pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada que vivían en la comunidad. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 22 centros de atención primaria, tres hospitales universitarios, un hospital de agudos y una unidad de rehabilitación geriátrica de la ciudad de Barcelona (España). El estado nutricional se evaluó al inicio del estudio mediante el cuestionario Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) Las medidas de resultado informadas por los pacientes incluyeron calidad de vida (EQ-5D-3L), conducta de autocuidado (Escala europea de conducta de autocuidado en insuficiencia cardíaca) e impacto en las actividades de la vida diaria (índice de Barthel). Resultados Utilizando el MNA-SF, se identificó que 126 (48,5%) pacientes estaban en riesgo de malnutrición y 33 (12,7%) pacientes tenían malnutrición confirmada. En comparación con aquellos con un estado nutricional normal, los pacientes con malnutrición confirmada eran significativamente mayores, con un IMC más bajo y con niveles reducidos de hemoglobina. Durante el seguimiento (mediana de 14,9 meses, intervalo intercuartil: 4,9-26,9), 133 (51,2%) de los participantes incluidos murieron. La mortalidad fue significativamente mayor entre los pacientes con malnutrición (p<0,001). Un mayor índice de Barthel y mejores puntuaciones de calidad de vida se relacionaron inversamente con el riesgo de desnutrición (odds ratio [OR] 0,97 [intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,96-0,98] y OR 0,98 [intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,96-0,99]), respectivamente... (AU)
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, the clinical characteristics associated with malnutrition and the impact of nutritional status on mortality, quality of life, self-care abilities, and activities of daily living in the older patients with advanced heart failure.MethodsA prospective multicentre cohort study including 260 community-dwelling elderly patients with advanced heart failure was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019. The study was carried out in 22 primary healthcare centres, three university hospitals, one acute-care hospital, and one geriatric rehabilitation unit in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Nutritional status was assessed at baseline using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Patient-reported outcome measures included quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), self-care behaviour (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale) and impact on activities of daily living (Barthel index).ResultsUsing the MNA-SF, 126 (48.5%) patients were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and 33 (12.7%) patients as having confirmed malnutrition. Compared to heart failure patients with normal nutritional status, patients with confirmed malnutrition were significantly older, with a lower BMI, and with reduced haemoglobin levels. During follow-up (median 14.9 months, interquartile range: 4.9-26.9), 133 (51.2%) of the included participants died, and mortality was significantly higher among patients identified as having malnutrition (P<.001). Better Barthel index and quality of life scores were inversely related to the risk of malnutrition (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.97 [95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 0.98] and OR 0.98 [95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 0.99]), respectively. Higher scores in the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale, which implies worse self care, were related to higher malnutrition risk (OR 1.05 [95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 1.09])... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure , Malnutrition , Quality of Life , Patient Reported Outcome Measures , Cohort Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de malnutrición, las características clínicas asociadas con la misma y el impacto del estado nutricional en la mortalidad, la calidad de vida y las habilidades relacionadas con el autocuidado y las actividades de la vida diaria en pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada. Métodos Entre junio de 2017 y diciembre de 2019 se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo multicéntrico de cohortes que incluyó a 260 pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada que vivían en la comunidad. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 22 centros de atención primaria, tres hospitales universitarios, un hospital de agudos y una unidad de rehabilitación geriátrica de la ciudad de Barcelona (España). El estado nutricional se evaluó al inicio del estudio mediante el cuestionario Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) Las medidas de resultado informadas por los pacientes incluyeron calidad de vida (EQ-5D-3L), conducta de autocuidado (Escala europea de conducta de autocuidado en insuficiencia cardíaca) e impacto en las actividades de la vida diaria (índice de Barthel). Resultados Utilizando el MNA-SF, se identificó que 126 (48,5%) pacientes estaban en riesgo de malnutrición y 33 (12,7%) pacientes tenían malnutrición confirmada. En comparación con aquellos con un estado nutricional normal, los pacientes con malnutrición confirmada eran significativamente mayores, con un IMC más bajo y con niveles reducidos de hemoglobina. Durante el seguimiento (mediana de 14,9 meses, intervalo intercuartil: 4,9-26,9), 133 (51,2%) de los participantes incluidos murieron. La mortalidad fue significativamente mayor entre los pacientes con malnutrición (p<0,001). Un mayor índice de Barthel y mejores puntuaciones de calidad de vida se relacionaron inversamente con el riesgo de desnutrición (odds ratio [OR] 0,97 [intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,96-0,98] y OR 0,98 [intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,96-0,99]), respectivamente... (AU)
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, the clinical characteristics associated with malnutrition and the impact of nutritional status on mortality, quality of life, self-care abilities, and activities of daily living in the older patients with advanced heart failure.MethodsA prospective multicentre cohort study including 260 community-dwelling elderly patients with advanced heart failure was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019. The study was carried out in 22 primary healthcare centres, three university hospitals, one acute-care hospital, and one geriatric rehabilitation unit in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Nutritional status was assessed at baseline using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Patient-reported outcome measures included quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), self-care behaviour (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale) and impact on activities of daily living (Barthel index).ResultsUsing the MNA-SF, 126 (48.5%) patients were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and 33 (12.7%) patients as having confirmed malnutrition. Compared to heart failure patients with normal nutritional status, patients with confirmed malnutrition were significantly older, with a lower BMI, and with reduced haemoglobin levels. During follow-up (median 14.9 months, interquartile range: 4.9-26.9), 133 (51.2%) of the included participants died, and mortality was significantly higher among patients identified as having malnutrition (P<.001). Better Barthel index and quality of life scores were inversely related to the risk of malnutrition (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.97 [95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 0.98] and OR 0.98 [95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 0.99]), respectively. Higher scores in the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale, which implies worse self care, were related to higher malnutrition risk (OR 1.05 [95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 1.09])... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure , Malnutrition , Quality of Life , Patient Reported Outcome Measures , Cohort Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, the clinical characteristics associated with malnutrition and the impact of nutritional status on mortality, quality of life, self-care abilities, and activities of daily living in the older patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS: A prospective multicentre cohort study including 260 community-dwelling elderly patients with advanced HF was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019. The study was carried out in 22 primary healthcare centres, three university hospitals, one acute-care hospital, and one geriatric rehabilitation unit in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Nutritional status was assessed at baseline using the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire. Patient-reported outcome measures included quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), self-care behaviour (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale) and impact on activities of daily living (Barthel Index). RESULTS: Using the MNA-SF, 126 (48.5%) patients were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and 33 (12.7%) patients as having confirmed malnutrition. Compared to HF patients with normal nutritional status, patients with confirmed malnutrition were significantly older, with a lower BMI, and with reduced haemoglobin levels. During follow-up (median 14.9 months, Interquartile Range; 4.9-26.9), 133 (51.2%) of the included participants died, and mortality was significantly higher among patients identified as having malnutrition (pâ¯<â¯0.001). Better Barthel index and quality of life scores were inversely related to the risk of malnutrition, [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.97 (95% Confidence interval 0.96; 0.98) and OR 0.98 (95% Confidence interval, 0.96; 0.99)], respectively. Higher scores in the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale, which implies worse self care, were related to higher malnutrition risk, OR 1.05 (95% Confidence interval, 1.02; 1.09. Adjusted multivariate logistic model found that malnutrition was significantly associated with poor quality of life, and adverse impacts on daily activities and self-care. CONCLUSIONS: In community-dwelling older patients with advanced HF, malnutrition was associated with worse patient reported outcome measures related to poor quality of life, and adverse impacts on self-care and daily activities. Nutritional status must be systematically addressed by primary care nurses and family doctors to improve survival rates in these patients. It would be helpful the incorporation of expert professionals in nutrition in the primary health care centres.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Malnutrition , Humans , Aged , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Activities of Daily Living , Quality of Life , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Malnutrition/complications , Heart Failure/complications , Geriatric AssessmentABSTRACT
A single radio frequency bucket of the 88-Inch Cyclotron is filled using a fast chopper located in the axial line. The bucket then accelerates until it reaches the deflector, at which point, it is extracted as a train of bunches. This phenomenon can be attributed to the characteristic multi-turn extraction of the cyclotron and, by simplifying the complex dynamics of a cyclotron, corresponds to the conceptual transfer function of the cyclotron. The confirmation of the single radio frequency bucket injection was achieved by operating the cyclotron in the third harmonic mode and observing the absence of intermediate bunches during the multiple-bunch extraction.
ABSTRACT
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences or early life stress experiences (ELSs) increase the risk of non-adaptive behaviors and psychopathology in adulthood. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been proposed to minimize these effects. The vast number of methodological variations in animal studies underscores the lack of systematicity in the studies and the need for a detailed understanding of how enrichment interacts with other variables. Here we evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment in male and female Wistar rats exposed to adverse early life experiences (prenatal, postnatal, and combined) on emotional (elevated plus maze), social (social interaction chamber), memory (Morris water maze) and flexibility tasks. Our results-collected from PND 51 to 64-confirmed: 1) the positive effect of environmental enrichment (PND 28-49) on anxiety-like behaviors in animals submitted to ELSs. These effects depended on type of experience and type of enrichment: foraging enrichment reduced anxiety-like behaviors in animals with prenatal and postnatal stress but increased them in animals without ELSs. This effect was sex-dependent: females showed lower anxiety compared to males. Our data also indicated that females exposed to prenatal and postnatal stress had lower anxious responses than males in the same conditions; 2) no differences were found for social interactions; 3) concerning memory, there was a significant interaction between the three factors: A significant interaction for males with prenatal stress was observed for foraging enrichment, while physical enrichment was positive for males with postnatal stress; d) regarding cognitive flexibility, a positive effect of EE was found in animals exposed to adverse ELSs: animals with combined stress and exposed to physical enrichment showed a higher index of cognitive flexibility than those not exposed to enrichment. Yet, within animals with no EE, those exposed to combined stress showed lower flexibility than those exposed to both prenatal stress and no stress. On the other hand, animals with prenatal stress and exposed to foraging-type enrichment showed lower cognitive flexibility than those with no EE. The prenatal stress-inducing conditions used here 5) did not induced fetal or maternal problems and 6) did not induced changes in the volume of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
ABSTRACT
The acequias de careo are ancestral water channels excavated during the early Al-Andalus period (8th-10th centuries), which are used to recharge aquifers in the watersheds of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southeastern Spain). The water channels are maintained by local communities, and their main function is collecting snowmelt, but also runoff from rainfall from the headwaters of river basins and distributing it throughout the upper parts of the slopes. This method of aquifer artificial recharge extends the availability of water resources in the lowlands of the river basins during the dry season when there is almost no precipitation and water demand is higher. This study investigates the contribution of the careo channels in the watershed of Bérchules concerning the total aquifer recharge during the 2014-2015 hydrological year. Several channels were gauged, and the runoff data were compared with those obtained from a semi-distributed hydrological model applied to the same hydrological basin. The natural infiltration of meteoric waters accounted for 52% of the total recharge, while the remaining 48% corresponded to water transported and infiltrated by the careo channels. In other words, the careo recharge system enhances by 92% the natural recharge to the aquifer. Our results demonstrate the importance of this ancestral and efficient channel system for recharging slope aquifers developed in hard rocks. The acequias de careo are nature-based solutions for increasing water resources availability that have contributed to a prosperous life in the Sierra Nevada. Its long history (>1200 years) suggests that the system has remarkable resilience properties, which have allowed adaptation and permance for centuries in drastically changing climatic and socioeconomic conditions. This recharge system could also be applied to -or inspire similar adaptation measures in- semi-arid mountain areas around the world where it may help in mitigating climate change effects.
Subject(s)
Groundwater , Hydrology , Rivers , Spain , WaterABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) is the method of choice for evaluating thyroid nodules. In 2017, the American College of Radiology (ACR) created a classification system based on US characteristics. For the system to be adopted, it must be reproducible. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of the ACR TI-RADS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study; three radiologists with different levels of experience used the ACR TI-RADS to classify 100 nodules on two occasions one month apart, and we calculated the intraobserver and interobserver variability. RESULTS: Regarding intraobserver variability, the first radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci; the second radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci, and the third radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, and shape and substantial concordance for margins and echogenic foci. The interobserver concordance was calculated for the two readings; the concordance was substantial except for shape in the first reading and for echogenicity and margins in the second reading, which had moderate concordance. CONCLUSIONS: The ACR TI-RADS classification system is reproducible.
Subject(s)
Thyroid Nodule , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Observer Variation , Retrospective Studies , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The palaeolimnological conditions of Mirim Lagoon, a large coastal shallow lagoon under the influence of historical human impacts related to the development of the primary sector of the economy were reconstructed. The first significant human impact consisted of locking the estuarine system to induce the transition from brackish to freshwater conditions. During this transition, the sedimentation rate consistently increased from pre-disturbance values of 0.25 cm yr-1 to >1 cm yr-1. A concomitant increase in nitrogen and carbon values was recorded indicating a related eutrophication process. The highest nutrient levels were achieved during the 1990s after the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies for agricultural production such as high-yielding varieties of rice resistant to climate variability and pests, and the use of inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and water supply controlled by irrigation. After 2011, the soybean production boosted and the area cultivated with this oilseed equalled the area of rice paddies, i.e., 2 × 105 ha. A sharp decrease in δ13C from -19 to -24 and in δ15N from 6 to 2 were observed in the sedimentary record, indicating a major shift in the composition of the organic matter after the agricultural intensification. Trace elements Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn showed a high positive correlation with Al and Fe, and enrichment factors near 1, indicating a natural and terrigenous source of these elements and also unpolluted conditions. However, the increase of As after 1990 and the positive correlation with Pb was associated with agricultural practices. All elemental ratios (K/Al, Ti/Al and V/Cr) showed constant pre-disturbance trends and a turning point ca. the 1990s. Microplastics were detected from the beginning of the 1990s and increased towards recent sediments, thus corroborating an anthropogenically impacted scenario. Therefore, the development of the primary sector of the economy exerted clear impacts on the environmental quality of the system.
Subject(s)
Metals, Heavy , Trace Elements , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Environmental Monitoring , Eutrophication , Geologic Sediments , Humans , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Plastics , Trace Elements/analysis , Water , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
CASO CLÍNICO: Varón de 68 años con catarata y glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto no controlado con máximo tratamiento tópico en ojo derecho, intervenido de cirugía combinada de esclerectomía profunda no perforante y facoemulsificación. No presentó complicaciones intraoperatorias, pero en el postoperatorio inmediato acudió por disminución brusca de agudeza visual tras maniobra de Valsalva; se objetivó en la exploración un hematoma endocapsular. En ausencia de resolución espontánea, a los 3meses se realizó capsulotomía posterior con láser neodomio: YAG con mejoría visual inmediata y óptimo control de la presión intraocular. DISCUSIÓN: Se describe el primer caso de hematoma endocapsular como complicación de cirugía no perforante en glaucoma, manejado eficazmente con capsulotomía YAG
CASE REPORT: A 68-year-old male with a cataract and uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma with maximal tolerated medication underwent non-penetrating deep sclerectomy combined with phacoemulsification surgery in right eye. There were no complications during the procedure, but shortly after the surgery, he lost visual acuity after a Valsalva manoeuvre due to an endocapsular haematoma. Neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed for the treatment of an unresolving endocapsular haemorrhage at the third month of the follow-up, with immediate visual improvement and optimal control of intraocular pressure. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of endocapsular haematoma as a complication of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery that has been successfully solved by a YAG capsulotomy
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Lens Diseases/etiology , Hematoma/etiology , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Sclerostomy/adverse effects , Valsalva Maneuver , Sclerostomy/methods , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Posterior Capsulotomy/methodsABSTRACT
Soils can influence climate by sequestering or emitting greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). We are far from understanding the direct influence of cryptogamic covers on soil GHG fluxes, particularly in areas free of potential anthropogenic confounding factors. We assessed the role of well-developed cryptogamic covers in soil attributes, as well as in the in-situ exchange of GHG between Antarctic soils and the atmosphere during the austral summer. We found lower values of soil organic matter, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen in bare areas than in soils covered by mosses and, particularly, lichens. These differences, together with concomitant decreases and increases in soil temperature and moisture, respectively, resulted in increases in in-situ CO2 emission (i.e. ecosystem respiration) and decreases in CH4 uptake but no significant changes in N2O fluxes. We found consistent linear positive and negative relationships between soil attributes (i.e. soil organic matter, total organic carbon and total nitrogen) and CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake, respectively, and polynomial relationships between these soil attributes and net N2O fluxes. Our results indicate that any increase in the area occupied by cryptogams in terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems (due to increased growing season and increasingly warming conditions) will likely result in parallel increases in soil fertility as well as in an enhanced capacity to emit CO2 and a decreased capacity to uptake CH4. Such changes, unless offset by parallel C uptake processes, would represent a paradigmatic example of a positive climate change feedback. Further, we show that the fate of these terrestrial ecosystems under future climate scenarios, as well as their capacity to exchange GHG with the atmosphere might depend on the relative ability of different aboveground cryptogams to thrive under the new conditions.
Subject(s)
Greenhouse Gases , Antarctic Regions , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Ecosystem , Greenhouse Gases/analysis , Methane/analysis , Nitrous Oxide/analysis , SoilABSTRACT
CASE REPORT: A 68-year-old male with a cataract and uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma with maximal tolerated medication underwent non-penetrating deep sclerectomy combined with phacoemulsification surgery in right eye. There were no complications during the procedure, but shortly after the surgery, he lost visual acuity after a Valsalva manoeuvre due to an endocapsular haematoma. Neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed for the treatment of an unresolving endocapsular haemorrhage at the third month of the follow-up, with immediate visual improvement and optimal control of intraocular pressure. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of endocapsular haematoma as a complication of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery that has been successfully solved by a YAG capsulotomy.
ABSTRACT
Background and study aims ESG is an effective and safe medium-term procedure for obesity treatment. A variety of suture patterns have been reported. We aimed to compare whether there are differences in efficacy depending on suture pattern used. Patients and methods Retrospective and comparative review of 5 years of prospectively collected data, including consecutive obese patients undergoing ESG at two collaborative centers. Primary outcomes included weight loss (mainly % total body weight loss [TBWL] and % exces weight loss [EWL]) at 12 months and safety profile. We compared them according to three suture patterns (transverse bilinear [TBp], longitudinal [Lp] and transverse monolinear [TMp]), and number of sutures (4â-â7) and stitches (<â25, 25 to 30 and >â30) applied. Evolution of major obesity-associated morbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), sleep obstructive apnea syndrome, and arthropathy) were also described. Results 88 patients (mean age 46.1±12.3 years, 69.3â% female) underwent ESG. Mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was 39.40â±â4.69âkg/m². At 1 year, %TBWL was 17.36â±â6.09â% (%EWL 46.41±20.6â%) with TBWL >â10â% in 95.5â% of patients (EWLâ>â25â% in 94.3â% of patients). According to pattern, there were no differences in %TBWL but there were in %EWL (43.7â±â20.4â%, 59.8â±â18.9â% and 45.4â±â14.9â% in TBp, Lp and TMp patterns, respectively) ( P â=â0.034). No differences were found related to number of sutures (mean 5.2â±â0.73, râ=â4â-â7) or stitches (mean 27.4â±â6.50, râ=â18â-â50) applied. Forty-three of 72 (59.7â%) major comorbidities were resolved. No serious adverse events were observed with any pattern. Conclusions ESG is an effective procedure at 12-month follow-up for weight loss and comorbidity resolution. All three analyzed patterns are safe and effective without differences in %TBWL, but there was a slight increase in %EWL in Lp, regardless of the number of sutures or stitches applied.
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Although COVID-19 in pregnant women and their neonates has been demonstrated, there is not enough evidence about how this vertical transmission occurs. This report describes a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 21-year-old mother-daughter duo at the time of birth, focusing on the viral RNA detection in the stool of both and the human breast milk.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Feces/virology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Milk, Human/virology , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mexico , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Pregnancy , SARS-CoV-2 , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) is the method of choice for evaluating thyroid nodules. In 2017, the American College of Radiology (ACR) created a classification system based on US characteristics. For the system to be adopted, it must be reproducible. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of the ACR TI-RADS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study; three radiologists with different levels of experience used the ACR TI-RADS to classify 100 nodules on two occasions one month apart, and we calculated the intraobserver and interobserver variability. RESULTS: Regarding intraobserver variability, the first radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci; the second radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci, and the third radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, and shape and substantial concordance for margins and echogenic foci. The interobserver concordance was calculated for the two readings; the concordance was substantial except for shape in the first reading and for echogenicity and margins in the second reading, which had moderate concordance. CONCLUSIONS: The ACR TI-RADS classification system is reproducible.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Current evidence suggests the need to improve the management of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP). For this reason, we aimed to assess the opinion of a panel of experts composed exclusively of physicians from pain units, who play a major role in BTcP diagnosis and treatment, regarding the key aspects of BTcP management. METHODS: An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to collect real-world data on the management of BTcP. The questionnaire had 5 parts: (a) organizational aspects of pain units (n = 12), (b) definition and diagnosis (n = 3), (c) screening (n = 3), (d) treatment (n = 8), and (e) follow-up (n = 7). RESULTS: A total of 89 pain-unit physicians from 13 different Spanish regions were polled. Most of them agreed on the traditional definition of BTcP (78.9%) and the key features of BTcP (92.1%). However, only 30.3% of participants used the Davies' algorithm for BTcP diagnosis. Respondents preferred to prescribe rapid-onset opioids [mean 77.0% (SD 26.7%)], and most recommended transmucosal fentanyl formulations as the first option for BTcP. There was also considerable agreement (77.5%) on the need for early follow-up (48-72 h) after treatment initiation. Finally, 65.2% of participants believed that more than 10% of their patients underused rapid-onset opioids. CONCLUSIONS: There was broad agreement among pain experts on many important areas of BTcP management, except for the diagnostic method. Pain-unit physicians suggest that rapid-onset opioids may be underused by BTcP patients in Spain, an important issue that need to be evaluated in future studies.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Breakthrough Pain/drug therapy , Cancer Pain/drug therapy , Neoplasms/complications , Pain Management/methods , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Breakthrough Pain/diagnosis , Breakthrough Pain/etiology , Cancer Pain/diagnosis , Cancer Pain/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Prognosis , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objetivo: La infección profunda de la herida quirúrgica (IPHQ) es una complicación que predispone a un alto riesgo de fracaso en cirugía raquídea con fijación vertebral. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido valorar la tasa de IPHQ en este tipo de pacientes y su pronóstico siguiendo un abordaje terapéutico homogéneo. Material y método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se incluyó a 799 pacientes mayores de 14 años, intervenidos de cirugía raquídea con fijación vertebral entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2014, en el Servicio de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica de nuestro centro. Todos los pacientes diagnosticados de IPHQ fueron tratados de forma homogénea mediante desbridamiento, sustitución del injerto óseo, retención del implante y tratamiento antimicrobiano de 8 semanas. Tras finalizar el tratamiento, los pacientes fueron seguidos durante un periodo de 12 meses. Resultados: De total de los pacientes tratados mediante artrodesis, 32 (4%) tuvieron una IPHQ. Tres pacientes fueron perdidos en el seguimiento. La muestra final analizable fue de 29 casos, los cuales tenían una mediana de edad de 54,9 años (IQR: 45,7-67 años) y un índice de comorbilidad de Charlson de 2,0 (IQR: 0-3). El diagnóstico microbiológico fue establecido en el 75,8% de los casos. De ellos, la IPHQ fue monomicrobiana en el 68,2% y polimicrobiana en el 31,8%. Con el abordaje terapéutico aplicado curaron sin secuelas el 96% y la tasa de recidivas y reintervención fue del 4%. Conclusión: El tratamiento mediante desbridamiento, retención, sustitución del injerto y tratamiento antimicrobiano de 8 semanas parece una estrategia muy eficaz para los pacientes con fijación vertebral que desarrollan IPHQ
Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are complications that predispose to a high risk of unfavourable surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the SSI rate in this type of patients and their prognosis with similar treatment. Materials and methods: A retrospective case series of 799 patients above 18 years old with spinal instrumentation surgery, between January 2010 and December 2014 in the traumatology and orthopaedic surgery department of our institution. All patients with SSIs were treated by debridement, graft replacement, retention of the instrumentation and lengthy courses of antimicrobial therapy. The patients were followed up for a period of 12 months. Results: Of all the patients with arthrodesis, 32 (4%) had spinal SSIs. Three patients were lost to follow-up. The final sample analyzed comprised 29 cases, with a median age of 54.9 years (IQR, 45.7-67 years) and a Charlson comorbidity index of 2.0 (IQR; 0-3). A microbiological diagnosis was obtained in 75.8% of the cases. Of these, the ISSs were monomicrobial in 68.2% and polymicrobial in 31.8%. Once treatment had been completed, 96% were cured without sequelae, and the rate of recurrence and reoperation was 4%. Conclusions: Treatment based on debridement, retention of the instrumentation, graft replacement and lengthy courses of antimicrobial therapy seems a very effective strategy in the treatment of patients with deep surgical site infection in spine surgery
