Lytic Bacteriophages Against Bacterial Biofilms Formed by Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Wounds.

Background: Use of bacteriophages as antibiofilm agents to tackle multidrug-resistant bacteria has gained importance in recent years. Materials and Methods: In this study, biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli under different growth conditions was studied. Furthermore, the ability of bacteriophages to inhibit biofilm formation was analyzed. Results: Under dynamic growth condition, wherein the medium is renewed for every 12 h, the amount of biomass produced and log10 colony-forming unit counts of all bacterial species studied was highest when compared with other growth conditions tested. Biomass of biofilms produced was drastically reduced when incubated for 2 or 4 h with bacteriophages vB_SAnS_SADP1, vB_PAnP_PADP4, vB_KPnM_KPDP1, and vB_ECnM_ECDP3. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses indicated that the reduction in biomass was due to the lytic action of the bacteriophages. Conclusions: Results of our study reinforce the concept of developing bacteriophages as alternatives to antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.

Potential of the magnetic hollow sphere nanocomposite (graphene oxide-gadolinium oxide) for arsenic removal from real field water and antimicrobial applications.

Potential of the magnetic hollow-sphere nanocomposite, graphene oxide-gadolinium oxide (GO-Gd2O3) for arsenic (As) removal from real field water with developing a continuous operating system and antimicrobial activity were investigated. The characterization results suggest that the prepared GO-Gd2O3 is a hallow sphere wool-like nanocomposite having 50.91 m2 g-1 surface area. The sorption studies revealed that a high adsorption capacity (216.70 mg g-1) can be achieved using GO-Gd2O3 (0.1 g L-1) at a pH of 6.0, and temperature of 293 K. The main and novel observations from the loading of Gd2O3 are that the GO adsorption efficiency, adsorbent separation rate from aqueous solutions, and the stability of the composite have been altered. Thus, the developed material can overcome the separation and stability issues associated with the bare GO, and exhibits an enhanced adsorption capacity toward arsenic was higher or comparable with existing magnetic material. In addition, the developed adsorption method was well applied for real field water samples collected from the mining area of South Korea where the GO-Gd2O3 can reduce the quantity of arsenic under the maximum accepted concentration of arsenic considered fit for drinking water stipulated by environmental protection agencies. Furthermore, the GO-Gd2O3 nanocomposite shows a high bacterial photocatalytic inactivation and was comparable with other reports.

Data of antibacterial activity of plant leaves crude extract on bacterial isolates of wound infections.

Wound infections are caused by various pathogenic microbes such as S. aureus, Non-coagulase Streptococcus, Enterococci, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Streptococci, Candida and Acinetobacter. 10-33% of septic wounds infections were seen in India. Multi-drug resistant bacterial infections are increased by day by day and these organisms showed resistant to most available antibiotics. Drug resistance is a common and natural mechanism in microorganisms, because of unbearable use of antibiotics. In this data provides the use of natural plant leaf extracts as alternatives to the multi-drug resistant bacteria. The present article contains the data on the antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of plant leaves comprising of 11 natural plant species which are widely used as folk medicine. The leaf extracts were used against multi drug resistant bacterial isolates of septic wound infections which were evaluated by the Kirby-beur disk diffusion method. This data showed that among 11 plant methanol leaf extracts; Punica granatum and Syzigium cumini have the potential antibacterial activity against the predominant bacterial isolates of septic wounds that are MDR-P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli.

Isolation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages against MDR-bacterial isolates from septic wound infections.

Multi-drug resistance has become a major problem for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages is an attractive approach to overcome the problem of drug resistance in several pathogens that cause fatal diseases. Our study aimed to isolate multi drug resistant bacteria from patients with septic wounds and then isolate and apply bacteriophages in vitro as alternative therapeutic agents. Pus samples were aseptically collected from Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Science (RIMS), Kadapa, A.P., and samples were analyzed by gram staining, evaluating morphological characteristics, and biochemical methods. MDR-bacterial strains were collected using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against a variety of antibiotics. Bacteriophages were collected and tested in vitro for lytic activity against MDR-bacterial isolates. Analysis of the pus swab samples revealed that the most of the isolates detected had Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the predominant bacterium, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Our results suggested that gram-negative bacteria were more predominant than gram-positive bacteria in septic wounds; most of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, vancomycin and tetracycline. All the gram-positive isolates (100%) were multi-drug resistant, whereas 86% of the gram-negative isolates had a drug resistant nature. Further bacteriophages isolated from sewage demonstrated perfect lytic activity against the multi-drug resistant bacteria causing septic wounds. In vitro analysis of the isolated bacteriophages demonstrated perfect lysis against the corresponding MDR-bacteria, and these isolated phages may be promising as a first choice for prophylaxis against wound sepsis, Moreover, phage therapy does not enhance multi-drug resistance in bacteria and could work simultaneously on a wide variety of MDR-bacteria when used in a bacteriophage cocktail. Hence, our results suggest that these bacteriophages could be potential therapeutic options for treating septic wounds caused by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli.