Rare Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor in a Patient with AIDS: A Case Report.

CASE: A 34-year-old man with poorly controlled acquired immune deficiency syndrome underwent excision of a left arm mass. The histopathologic workup identified the features of an Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT). The patient was readmitted 5 months later for vomiting and found to have liver metastases that were confirmed to be EBV-SMT. Six months after discharge, there was no recurrence of the arm mass or increase in the size of the liver metastases. CONCLUSION: Most commonly found in immunocompromised patients, EBV-SMTs are rare tumors that can be mistaken for a leiomyosarcoma.

Percutaneous Acetabuloplasty for Metastatic Lesions to the Pelvis.

Metastatic lesions of the acetabulum can be painful and debilitating. First-line treatment is multimodal and consists of disease-specific chemotherapy, osteoclastic inhibitors, analgesics, and radiation therapy. When these therapies fail, surgical intervention usually is indicated and varies from regional defect stabilization to large periacetabular reconstructions that are demanding procedures with high rates of complications. Percutaneous cement augmentation (acetabuloplasty) of lesions in selected patients has been explored as a less invasive method of lesional control. This retrospective review included 11 patients with painful periacetabular lesions who underwent percutaneous acetabuloplasty using fluoroscopic guidance from 2007 to 2012, in addition to standard treatment with either radiation or chemotherapy, or a combination of both radiation and chemotherapy. Primary tumors included 4 multiple myeloma, 4 renal cell, and 3 breast malignancies. Mean procedure length was 58.4 minutes, and mean hospital stay was 1.4 days (range, 1-2 days). Mean blood loss was 33.4 mL, and there were no complications due to infection or cementation. Mean follow-up was 26.4 months (range, 3-36 months), with 2 patients dying from complications of underlying disease. All of the patients experienced pain relief following the procedure, with mean visual analog scale scores improving from 7.7 to 2.1 (P=.002). Postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society and Oxford hip scores were obtained for 7 of 11 patients and demonstrated improvement. One patient underwent conversion to an acetabular reconstruction due to disease progression. This report demonstrates the effective use of a minimally invasive procedure to provide acute stability, pain relief, and good functional outcomes in patients with periacetabular metastatic lesions without pathologic fracture. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e170-e175.].

Review of Osteosarcoma and Current Management.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and young adults. This tumor has a very heterogeneous genetic profile and lacks any consistent unifying event that leads to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. In this review, some of the important genetic events involved in osteosarcoma will be highlighted. Additionally, the clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma will be discussed, as well as contemporary chemotherapeutic and surgical management of this tumor. Finally, the review will discuss some of the novel approaches to treating this disease.