The effect of education based on a health belief model and motivational interviews on cardiovascular disease risk factors and healthy lifestyle behaviour changes in patients with essential hypertension: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of "Health Belief Model (HBM)-based education" and "education and motivational interviews (MIs)" by comparing the two methods on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and healthy lifestyle behaviour changes of patients diagnosed with essential hypertension. METHODS: The study was a single-centre, single-blind, parallel-group, 6-month follow-up, randomized controlled trial. It was conducted on 80 individuals (40 in the study group, 40 in the control group). Both groups received HBM-based education and an educational booklet on healthy lifestyle behaviour changes at the beginning of the study. Additionally, the study group underwent a total of 6 MIs. RESULTS: The decrease in the study group's 10-year Framingham CVD risk scores (mean difference 5,33) compared to the baseline values was higher than that observed in the control group (mean difference 3,95). Over the six-month follow-up period, the study group's knowledge of CVD risk factors increased, and healthy lifestyle behaviour improved. CONCLUSION: HBM-based education and an educational booklet, either alone or in combination with MI, supported patients with essential hypertension in lowering their CVD risk through lifestyle modifications. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare professionals within primary healthcare settings can use HBM-based health education and short-term MIs to reduce CVD risk and improve health outcomes.

Intergenerational exploration of traditional practices affecting child health: A phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: All over the world, various traditional practices affect child health. The aim of our research was to explore the changes in traditional practices that affect child health between generations and to investigate the life experiences of generations in depth. METHODS: Using a phenomenological design, this study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with families of both generations (mothers and daughters). The study was written based on the COREQ checklist. FINDINGS: Four themes (traditional practices and intergenerational differences, beliefs/emotions related to traditional practices, influence factors in traditional practices, traditional methods in child care) and fourteen sub-themes (change in practices between generations, intergenerational transmission of traditional practices, beliefs in perceived benefits, skepticism and disbelief attitude, emotional reactions and perceiving as unnecessary, mother/mother in-law, traditional knowledge from mothers and grandmothers, family elders, the role of the internet and social media, spiritual practices, use of herbal products, alternative applications to medicines, relaxing applications, health consequences of traditional practices) were generated from the data. DISCUSSION: According to the findings, some harmless traditional practices are still relevant across generations, while harmful practices are mostly abandoned by new generations. The level of education and access to information has led the new generation to question traditional practices and show more interest in scientific knowledge-based methods. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: This research can contribute to advances in child health by helping us understand beliefs, feelings, and influencing factors related to traditional practices. Maternal education and community awareness-raising campaigns can be used to reduce harmful traditional practices.

Evaluation of Preoperative Sleep Quality and Factors Affecting Pain Intensity of Patients Hospitalized in Surgical Services.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the preoperative sleep quality and pain intensity of patients hospitalized in the surgical services of a university hospital, and to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and pain intensity and the factors affecting it. DESIGN: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study was conducted on 139 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in the surgical services of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Health Practice and Research Hospital between March 1, 2019 and July 31, 2019, and agreed to participate in the study. The "Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP)" was used to evaluate the pain intensity of the patients, and the "Visual Analog Sleep Scale (VASS)" to determine the quality of sleep. FINDINGS: The sleep quality of women, those who had sleep problems before hospitalization and those who had sleep problems in the preoperative period was worse (P <.001). Patients who had a companion and had sleep problems in the preoperative period had higher pain levels (P <.001 for each). As the pain levels of the patients increased, their sleep quality deteriorated (P <.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that for each unit increase in the variable of having sleep problems in the preoperative period increases the VASS score by 180.422 points and the VASP score by 1.788. Being a woman increased the VASS score by 91.469 points, and the presence of a companion increased the VASP score by 1.644 points. CONCLUSIONS: The preopertive sleep quality and pain intensity of surgery patients were interrelated. Having sleep problems in the preoperative period affected both the sleep quality and pain intensity of the patients. While female gender affected the sleep quality of the patients hospitalized in surgical services, the presence of a companion was found to affect the severity of pain.

Breastfeeding Practices During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Were Influenced by Women's Life Event.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which affects the whole world, negatively affects breastfeeding mothers and newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding practices influenced by women's life events and the breastfeeding women compliance with the rules established against the risk of SARS-CoV-2. This prospective cross-sectional online survey design study was carried out on 339 breastfeeding mothers between April 21 and May 10, 2020, in Turkey. Data were collected by an information form and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R); 39.2% of breastfeeding mothers were traumatically affected by events experienced as a result of the pandemic. Study results reveal that breastfeeding mothers concerned about the risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission to their infants through human milk or breastfeeding. Noncompliance with SARS-CoV-2 measures among breastfeeding women was high. Policymakers and healthcare providers should not ignore this situation. It may be beneficial to conduct consciousness-raising and awareness studies to increase the compliance ratios of breastfeeding women with the recommended measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Evaluation of the relationships between nurses' forgiveness, compassion, and professional commitment.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurses' forgiveness, compassion, and professional commitment. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 243 nurses between March and June 2019. FINDINGS: The effect of nurses' compassion levels on forgiveness levels (predictive power) was -0.49 and the effect on their professional commitment was 0.82. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the study reflect that forgiveness and compassion are effective on nurses' professional commitment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The study results emphasize the need to consider the links between forgiveness, compassion, and professional commitment for hospital administrators, nurse leaders, and policymakers.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the attitude scale for home care: a study of reliability and validity.

It is important to evaluate nursing students' attitudes toward home care to improve home health nursing profession and increase the number of nursing students willing to work in home care in the future. However, there is no valid and reliable scale for measuring attitudes toward this care method in Iran. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Attitude Scale for Home Care (ASHC) for nursing students. Data were collected from 280 nursing students. A methodological study was conducted to assess face, content and construct validity and reliability. The results showed good content validity. Only item 17 was considered unfavorable and was omitted. After excluding three items in the confirmatory factor analysis, a 25-item model with good fit indices was obtained. Cronbach's alpha showed a high internal consistency. This is a valid and reliable scale for assessing nursing students' attitudes toward home care.

Reflections of the before processes in early and forced marriages: A meta-synthesis study.

PURPOSE: To develop analytical themes through a descriptive synthesis of qualitative studies to create a broader and more conscious understanding of the before processes in early and forced marriages. METHODS: Twenty-five qualitative studies were analyzed and synthesized according to meta-synthesis methods. FINDINGS: The analytical themes of the main theme "The process leading to early and forced marriages" were divided into four groups as cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural reflections. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The study results emphasize the need to consider the links between cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural reflections of the process that led to marriages for preventing early and forced marriages.

Reflections of the after processes in early and forced marriages: A meta-synthesis study.

PURPOSE: To develop analytical themes through a descriptive synthesis of qualitative studies to create a broader and more conscious understanding of after processes in early and forced marriages. METHODS: This study is a meta-synthesis study. FINDINGS: The analytical themes of the main theme "The process after early and forced marriages" were divided into four groups: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural reflections. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Effective social norm interventions should be adapted to people's cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural understanding to change attitudes and practices toward early marriages.

Development of the Scientific Research Competency Scale for nurses.

Background: The planning, implementation, finalisation and reporting of high-quality research depends on the knowledge, skills and competencies of the many individuals who make carrying out the research possible. Aims: This study aims to develop a valid and reliable scale in order to identify the scientific research competencies of nursing professionals at undergraduate and graduate level. Methods: This methodological study was carried out on 937 nursing personnel, 422 (45%) of whom were academic members and 515 (55%) were undergraduate students. The Anxiety Scale Towards Research and the Attitude Scale Towards Scientific Research were used for the criterion validity. Results: The Scientific Research Competency Scale comprises 57 items in four sub-dimensions named as 'technical skills', 'attitude and behaviours', 'estimation capacity' and 'foreign language skill'. The Cronbach alpha, Guttmann split-half and Spearman Brown reliability coefficients for the scientific research competency scale were, respectively, 0.98, 0.96 and 0.96. The sensitivity and specificity value, by which the research competency of individuals could be determined with minimum error, was indicated to be at 190 breakpoints of the scientific research competency scale. Conclusions: As a result, the scientific research competency scale developed is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to determine the scientific research competencies of nursing professionals.

The effect of acne on quality of life, social appearance anxiety, and use of conventional, complementary, and alternative treatments.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acne among university students and also assess the effects of acne on quality of life, social appearance anxiety, and use of conventional, complementary, and alternative treatment methods. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1007 students (98.24 %) of a university located in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. MEASUREMENTS: The study used "the CAM Questionnaire" to determine students' CAM use, "the Acne Quality-of-Life Scale" to investigate students' quality of life and "the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale" to measure their social anxiety, along with a questionnaire that asked about some acne-related characteristics and conventional, complementary, and alternative treatment methods. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of acne among the study sample was 65.4 %. The participants' perceived acne severity and acne's impacts on their lives were inversely proportional to their quality of life (respectively; r = 0.400; 0.327, for each p < 0.001) and directly proportional to their social appearance anxiety (respectively; r = 0.276; 0.302, for each p < 0.001). Acne distress accounted for 19 % of the change in acne quality-of-life scores (ß = 0.186; p < 0.001), which in turn caused 61 % of the change in social appearance anxiety scores (ß = 0.615; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The students whose quality-of-life had deteriorated due to acne had higher social appearance anxiety. Social appearance anxiety had a minor effect on complementary and alternative medicine use, which was affected mainly by acne distress.

The Relationship between Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life and Sleep Quality in Women Over the Age of 60 Years.

AIM: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary incontinence quality of life and sleep quality in women over the age of 60 years. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 15 and July 5, 2013. Data were collected from a total of 332 women including 68 women from 3 nursing homes in a provincial center of Eskisehir and 269 women living alone or with family in their own homes in a street of that city. Women's urinary incontinence quality of life was assessed using the incontinence quality of life scale and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. RESULTS: Mean age of the participating women was 71.00±7.42 years. Only 10.8% of the women had incontinence diagnosis; prevalence of anamnesis-based incontinence was 87.7%. Those who lived in their own homes, who had a urinary incontinence diagnosis, who experienced urinary incontinence according to their anamnesis, who were smokers, and who had a poor sleep quality had lower Incontinence Quality of Life Scale scores. Additionally, their quality of life was negatively affected (p<0.05). Poor sleep quality and diagnosis of urinary incontinence were important predictors of the Incontinence Quality of Life Scale of women over 60 years of age and explained 18% of the total variance. The Incontinence Quality of Life Scale scores of the women decreased by 5.67 points in the presence of poor sleep quality and 6.48 points in the presence of urinary incontinence diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Urinary incontinence is a common problem seen in older women, is considered as a usual problem due to aging, and is ignored or not taken care of. It also has a negative impact on the quality of life and sleep.

Analysis of the relationship among health awareness and health literacy, patient satisfaction levels with primary care in patients admitting to primary care health centers.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between health literacy, primary care satisfaction levels and health awareness of the patients who were admitted to primary care centers (Family Health Centers). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on individuals who were admitted to Family Health Centers (n = 1.055) in Eskisehir province. The study data were collected by using Turkish Health Literacy Scale, the European Patients Evaluate General/Family Practice Scale and Health Awareness Scale. RESULTS: As health literacy of participants increases, health awareness and satisfaction with primary care also increases (for each, p < .001). Health awareness increases health literacy by 0.55 points, health literacy increases satisfaction in primary care by 0.26 points. CONCLUSION: In the province of Eskisehir, the health literacy level of 7 out of 10 patients, who admitted to the primary care institution, is inadequate or problematic. As health awareness of participants increases, their level of health literacy also increases. As health literacy of participants increases, their satisfaction with family physicians also increases. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: As an integral part of preventive health services, studies should be performed to increase and improve the level of health literacy of patients who are admitted to primary care services.

The Effect of Workplace Bullying Perception on Psychological Symptoms: A Structural Equation Approach.

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to determine the extent of workplace bullying perceptions among the employees of a Faculty of Medicine, evaluating the variables considered to be associated, and determining the effect of workplace bullying perceptions on their psychological symptoms evaluated by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed involving 355 (88.75%) employees. RESULTS: Levels of perceived workplace bullying were found to increase with the increasing scores for BSI and BSI sub-dimensions of anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility (all p < 0.001). One point increase in the workplace bullying perception score was associated with a 0.47 point increase in psychological symptoms evaluated by BSI. Moreover, the workplace bullying perception scores were most strongly affected by the scores of anxiety, negative self, depression, hostility, and somatization (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present results revealed that young individuals, divorced individuals, faculty members, and individuals with a chronic disease had the greatest workplace bullying perceptions with our study population. Additionally, the BSI, anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility scores of the individuals with high levels of workplace bullying perceptions were also high.

Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep Quality in Patients on Hemodialysis.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common health problem in patients on hemodialysis. This descriptive study was carried out with patients from a hemodialysis unit in the province of Eskisehir, Turkey. Of the 317 patients in the unit, 244 (77.0%) comprised the study group. RLS was assessed by diagnostic criteria defined by the International RLS Working Group, sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depression by the Beck Depression Inventory. RLS was found in 15.6% of patients and was associated with depression and sleep quality. Sleep quality is impaired with the increasing severity of RLS. RLS is an important health problem in patients on hemodialysis.

Development of an Attitude Scale for Home Care.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes about home care services and to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool. This methodological study was carried out on 290 students studying at a school of health. Mary Albrecht's nursing model for home health care, Jean Watson's theory of human caring, and Leslie Jean Neal's theory of home health nursing practice constituted the theoretical framework of the study. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, obtained fit indices (Χ2/df = 1.91, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .057, normed fit index [NFI] = .80, comparative fit index [CFI] = .89, goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = .85) showed that the proposed model is appropriate for the scale. The Attitude Scale for Home Care (ASHC) consists of 3 subdimensions and 29 items. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was .93. Therefore, ASHC is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring attitudes about home care and can be used in selecting personnel to work in home care services.

Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: a structural equation model.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Phubbing can be described as an individual looking at his or her mobile phone during a conversation with other individuals, dealing with the mobile phone and escaping from interpersonal communication. In this research, determinants of phubbing behavior were investigated; in addition, the effects of gender, smart phone ownership and social media membership were tested as moderators. METHODS: To examine the cause-effect relations among the variables of the theoretical model, the research employs a correlational design. Participants were 409 university students who were selected via random sampling. Phubbing was obtained via the scales featuring mobile phone addiction, SMS addiction, internet addiction, social media addiction and game addiction. The obtained data were analyzed using a correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation model. RESULTS: The results showed that the most important determinants of phubbing behavior are mobile phone, SMS, social media and internet addictions. DISCUSSION: Although the findings show that the highest correlation value explaining phubbing is a mobile phone addiction, the other correlation values reflect a dependency on the phone. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing tendency towards mobile phone use, and this tendency prepares the basis of phubbing.