[Late changes in a recipient's tissues after implantation of synthetic hydroxyapatite of varying density: an experimental morphological study].

The synthetic hydroxyapatite made in Russia was applied as an insert-implant to 4 rabbits (6 eyes, 6 eviscerations). These included 2 implants having a porosity of 40% and a pore size of 0.03-1.5 microm and 2 with a porosity of 63% and a pore size of 0.05-3.0 microm. The hydroxyapatite that is made in Russian and that has preferably a porosity of 40% and a pore size of 0.03-1.5 microm can be successfully used to make a locomotor stump after removal of the eyeball. The hydroxyapatite having these parameters more rapidly intergrows around the periphery with fibrovascular tissue and its vascular components mainly reduce by month 8. Our data suggest that the synthetic hydroxyapatite made in Russia may be used in ophthalmological care.

[Clinical experience in using a metallic suture in eye microsurgery]. / Klinicheskii opyt primeneniia metallicheskogo shva v mikrokhirurgiii glaza.

The use of a metallic suture in eye microsurgery is described in the paper. The metallic suture made from a 0.05-0.05 mm vanadic stainless steel wire (corresponding to 8:0) was applied in 1202 cataract extractions, penetrating injuries, antiglaucomatous surgeries and in removal of pterygium at the medical-and-sanitary facility of steel works in the town of Bokaro (India). The observation period ranged, on the average, from 3 months to 3 years. There were no complications during the procedure of applying the suture. However, it caused a minor response in the ocular tissues during the early postoperative period. Small bullae were observed in the corneal surface near the suture in 7 cases (0.58%), which disappeared spontaneously in 3-4 days. Irritations inflicted by the suture ends were registered in 2.58% of cases (31 patients). The mean postoperative astigmatism was, 3 months after surgery, 1.65 diopters. The sutures were removed in 132 cases (10.98%), including in 16 patients with irritation, and in 116 patients for the purpose of correcting a high astigmatism. The share of patients with a visual acuity of 0.5 and higher was, in one week, 43.59% and went up, one month later, to 78.20%. The suture was well tolerated by patients, it was quickly covered by the corneal epithelium, there was no rejection and it can be easily manufactured. The suture is sterilized by routine techniques without need for any extra treatment before use; it is a reactive, biologically inactive, efficient, convenient and causes minimal operative and postoperative complications.

[Surgical treatment of certain forms of secondary glaucoma]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie nekotorykh form vtorichnoi glaukomy.

The technique of penetrating deep sclerectomy with suprachoroidal explanto-drainage as well as the results of postoperative follow-up, exceeding 2 years, and of the early-described sinustrabeculectomy with regulated filtration are presented in the article. Operations were made on 59 eyes (58 patients aged 13 to 70) with the below forms of secondary glaucomas: new-vascular, postuveal, dystrophic (at retinal detachment), posttraumatic (contusion-type), phakotopic, postoperative (aphakic), and hemolytic. The below goals were set while elaborating the methods: the possibility to regulate postoperatively the intraocular pressure, elimination of the pain syndrome, the organ-preserving effect, stabilization of the clinical cause and shaping-up of reliable drainage paths. The authors registered a positive effect in 87.5% of cases.

[Treatment of lacrimal duct diseases using low energy helium-neon laser]. / Lechenie patologii slezootvodiashchikh putei s primeneniem nizkoénergeticheskogo gelii-neonovogo lazera.

Treatment of diseases of the lacrimal duct remains a pressing problem in ophthalmology. These diseases are responsible for 71-85.4% diseases in capable people. Sixty patients with chronic dacryocystitis with partially retained patency of the lacrimal duct were treated by He-Ne low-frequency laser ULF-01 (output power 6.10 mcWt, laser beam wave length 0.632 nm). The patients received 3-5 min sessions twice a week, 5-8 sessions per course. Positive effect was attained in 56 patients: complete cessation of excessive lacrimal discharge in 38 patients and subjective improvement in 18. He-Ne laser exposure brings about a good antiinflammatory effect; in combination with antibiotic therapy it promotes rapid sanitization of the lacrimal duct, removes edema, and rapidly normalizes lacrimal discharge.

[Ways of increasing effectiveness of eye prostheses]. / Puti povysheniia éffektivnosti glaznogo protezirovaniia.

The study of reasons of unsatisfactory eye prosthesis has shown that after insertion of cosmetic eye prosthesis into the conjunctival cavity in the majority of patients an inflammatory process develops which often goes on for several years. Discomfort and inflammation are mainly caused by a shift in acid-alkali balance in the conjunctival cavity, protein, fat and calcium deposits on the surface of prosthesis. The available agents of caring conjunctival cavity and prosthesis do not permit to fully clean prosthesis and to restore acid-alkali balance in cavity being equipped with prosthetic appliance. The authors offer new methods of taking care of prosthesis and conjunctival cavity making it possible to improve convenience of wearing eye prostheses, to disinfect them efficiently, clean them and prolong their service life.

[Vision disorders as manifestations of transient ischemic attacks in the vertebrobasilar basin]. / Zritel'nye rasstroistva kak proiavleniia tranzitornykh ishemicheskikh atak v vertebral'no-baziliarnom basseine.

Vision disorders caused by ischemia of the cerebral occipital cortex in the presence of transitory ischemic attacks in the vertebral basilar basin are described. Relationship between complaints of vision disorders and severity and frequency of transitory ischemic attacks is analyzed. Exogenous factors provoking dysfunctions of visual and vestibular analyzers are discussed. Correlation between visual disorders and cerebral hemodynamic disorders and vertebrogenic changes in various patterns of transitory ischemic attacks is analyzed. The number of complaints of visual analyzer dysfunction is increased by 1/3 in the patients with dyscirculatory abnormalities. One of the key symptoms of hypofunction of the stem mesencephalic compartments is paralysis or paresis of the eyeball convergence, which was recorded in 38% patients.

[Long-term results of surgical prevention and correction of progressive myopia]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskoi profilaktiki i korrektsii progressiruiushchei blizorukosti.

In this summing-up paper the authors discuss the results of surgical prevention and correction of progressive myopia carried out at Department of Ophthalmic Diseases of Russian University of Peoples' Friendship during two recent decades. Remote results of bandaging scleroplastic and reduced chondroplastic operations recommend scleroplastic interventions for prevention of myopia progress. Combined scleroplasty and cataract extraction stabilized the elongation of the antero-posterior axis of the eye and essentially improved visual acuity of 18-20 diopters. New variants of interlamellar operations are presented: tunnel-circular and fragmented circular, which are protected by patents of the Russian Federation. These operations are recommended for patients with stable myopia of 8-15 diopters after scleroplasty. Their advantage is low traumatism, absence of deep incisions on the cornea, wide optic center, possibility of regulating the refraction effect by replacing the implants or their complete removal without serious consequences for the cornea.

[Remote results of high myopia surgical correction by tunnel keratoplasty ]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskoi korrektsii blizorukosti vysokoi stepeni metodom tonnel'noi keratoplastiki.

Remote results evidence high refraction efficiency of tunnel keratoplasty, stable results being observed for up to 15 years. A total of 104 operations (58 patients) were analyzed for a period of observation of more than 10 years. The patients' ages varied from 17 to 52 years, there were 34 women and 24 men. The main advantage of interlamellar refraction meridional keratoplasty is easiness of operation. At present it is the operation of choice for dosed reduction of eye refraction aimed at correction of high myopia and astigmatism. The possibility of correcting residual myopia after keratotomy and repair of refraction abnormalities resultant from perforating keratoplasty is particularly interesting. The possibility of regulating the corrective effect in remote periods by replacing the implants also deserves attention. Hence, low traumatism, high efficiency, and stability of the refraction effect once more confirm our recommendation to use tunnel keratoplasty in clinical practice.

[Sinusotrabeculectomy with regulated filtration in the treatment of secondary glaucoma]. / Sinusotrabekuléktomiia s reguliruemoi fil'tratsiei pri lechenii vtorichnykh glaukom.

A new method for surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma (neovascular, postuveal, traumatic, and aphakic) is described. The aims of the new method are as follows: regulation of ophthalmic tone in the postoperative period, pain relief, organ preservation, stabilization of the process, and creation of reliable routes of intraocular fluid discharge with formation of a stable diffuse functional pad. Seven patients (8 eyes) aged 13-70 years were operated on and followed up for up to 6 months. Preliminary results are presented. Positive shifts were observed in all cases.

[Effect of superphonoelectrophoresis on chorioretinal dystrophy]. / Vliianie superfonoélektroforeza na techenie khorioretinal'noi distrofii.

The effect of a pharmacophysical method superphonophoresis on the course of chorioretinal dystrophy has been studied in 320 patients (640 eyes) with chorioretinal dystrophies treated by an ultrasonic UZT-104 device and a Nion galvanic device. The "superexposure" was phonophoresis of a bipolar drug 10% dimethylsulfoxide, creating the optimal conditions for penetration of the main agent through tissue barrier. The results (improvement of visual acuity, hemodynamics, trophics, shown by a higher linear rate of the blood flow in the orbital artery and middle cerebral arteries) persisted for up to 12 months, moreover, the rate of cellular and tissue metabolism increased (the time of adaptation to darkness decreased and color sensitivity increased).

[The optimization of a surgical intervention to stabilize progressive myopia]. / Optimizatsiia khirurgicheskogo vmeshatel'stva s tsel'iu stabilizatsii progressiruiushchei blizorukosti.

Results of 236 sclera-fortifying surgeries are followed up for more than 25 years. Progressive myopia stabilized in 95.8% cases after bandaging scleroplasty and in 87.03% cases after chondroplasty. Clinical refraction and posteroanterior axis of the eye did not increase after surgery; visual functions stabilized, and brightness sensitivity threshold was lowered. The technique of operation and clinical course of the postoperative period are described. Based on analysis of the clinical material, the authors propose the optimal approach to scleroplastic operations aimed at stabilization of progressive myopia.

[Modern aspects of surgical treatment of myopia]. / Sovremennye aspekty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia miopii.

Problems in complex surgical treatment of myopia are discussed. Extensive clinical data and long follow-up of the patients permitted the authors to develop a well-based system of care which helps not only arrest the progress of myopia, but correct it within a rather wide range. The pathogenesis of tissue process in progressive myopia is discussed basing on the regularities revealed experimentally. The main modern operations on the cornea and sclera are described. Data on the inter-layer transplantation of the cornea, developed at the Chair of Ophthalmic Diseases of the Russian University of Peoples' Friendship are presented.

[A case of relapsing iridocyclitis in tropical malaria]. / Sluchai retsidiviruiushchego iridotsiklita pri tropicheskoi maliarii.

An African student developed bilateral relapsing iridocyclitis with increased intraocular pressure. General examinations and parasitological studies revealed tropical malaria. Etiotropic and local therapy normalized intraocular pressure and improved vision acuity of both eyes. This case should be borne in mind by general practitioners as a possibility of transportation of various tropical diseases.

[Cosmetic interlamellar keratoplasty]. / Kosmeticheskaia mezhsloínaia keratoplasika.

Interlamellar transplantation of the cornea was performed with cosmetic purpose in 9 patients with blind eyes (coarse vascularized leukoma in 5 and cataracts with newly formed iridal and anterior chamber vessels in 4) and in 2 with peripheral leukomas. The technique of interlamellar keratoplasty consisted in transplantation of a stained disk of donor cornea in the recipient's corneal membrane layers or stratification of the peripheral leukoma followed by carbon black staining. The operation is simple, little traumatic, and brings about a good cosmetic effect in the cases when other methods are impossible to use; the risk of intra- and postoperative complications is minimal.

[Interlamellar sectoral keratoplasty in the surgical correction of astigmatism]. / Mezhsloinaia sektoral'naia keratoplastika v khirurgicheskoi korrektsii astigmatizma.

A new original method of interlamellar sectorial keratoplasty is proposed for surgical correction of astigmatism. Eleven operations were carried out in 8 patients (11 eyes) with astigmatism of 4 to 7.0 diopters. Vision acuity without correction was 0.6 to 1.0 in 5 patients (7 eyes, 63.6%). In 2 patients (2 eyes, 18.2%) vision acuity without correction was 0.3 to 0.5 diopters, and in 2 more patients (2 eyes, 18.2%) it was from 0.1 to 0.3 diopters, that is, equal to the maximal vision acuity with the optimal correction. The refraction effect stabilized in 3-4 months. The highest refraction effect attained was 7.0 diopters. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years. Clinical analysis of the operations confirmed the efficacy and reliability of the method and stability of refraction. Interlamellar sectorial keratoplasty is recommended for surgical correction of astigmatism.

[A case of toxocariasis of the eye]. / Sluchai toksokaroza glaza.

A case with toxocariasis of the eye is described. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically. Vision acuity improved to 100% as a result of treatment. The authors emphasize that toxocariasis should ruled out in all ocular involvements of obscure etiology.

[Interlamellar circular keratoplasty for correction of high myopia]. / Mezhsloinaia kol'tsevaia keratoplastika v korrektsii miopii vysokoi stepeni.

A new method is proposed for the correction of high myopia: Interlamellar circular keratoplasty. This method has been used in 15 patients (17 eyes) aged 18 to 54 with 9 to 17 diopters myopia. Vision acuity attained was at least 0.5 in 10 (60.3%) patients; in 7 (35.2%) patients vision acuity was 0.3 without correction, that is, was equal to the maximal vision acuity with the optimal correction. The highest refraction effect was 15.0 diopters. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 16 years. The proposed method for the correction of high myopia is highly effective, simple, and is recommended for clinical practice.

[Interlamellar refraction keratoplasty with central keratectomy of superficial corneal laminae in the correction of aphakia]. / Mezhsloinaia refraktsionnaia keratoplastika s tsentral'noi keratoéktomiei poverkhnostnykh sloev rogovitsy v korrektsii afakii.

Interlamellar refraction keratoplasty with central keratectomy of superficial laminae of the cornea was used to correct aphakia in 15 patients and the results followed up for 2.5-7 years. This method permits a simultaneous refraction and optic transplantation of the cornea. Corneal refraction was enhanced by 7.2-14.8 diopters (the mean value 11.03 diopters). The technique is an extraocular one and therefore may be widely used for aphakia correction, particularly in cases with superficial opacities of the cornea.