ABSTRACT
Resumen La autonomía alimentaria permite a las comunidades determinar sus prácticas alimentarias, comenzando con la producción agrícola en sus territorios garantizando la economía propia y la armonía con la madre tierra, en este contexto, la pandemia por COVID-19 generó cambios en las practicas sociales en las comunidades indígenas, incluidas sus prácticas alimentarias. Objetivo: Describir prácticas de autonomía alimentaria revitalizadas a partir del confinamiento por COVID-19 en una comunidad indígena Nasa del sur de Colombia. Método: Estudio cualitativo orientado en investigación participativa basada en comunidad (CBPR) realizado en una comunidad indígena Nasa del sur de Colombia. La recolección e interpretación de información se efectuó con técnicas de la investigación cualitativa: codificación abierta y axial y hasta llegar a la descripción de categorías emergentes. Resultados: Se fortalecieron prácticas ancestrales del sistema alimentario para mejorar el acceso a los alimentos sanos producidos en sus territorios, dentro de las que se destacan: tul (huerta familiar), trueque, mano-cambio, mercado Nasa y recetas tradicionales. Conclusiones: El confinamiento representó una oportunidad para retomar y revitalizar las prácticas alimentarias ancestrales de la comunidad que respondieron a necesidades concretas de salud y de alimentación, fortaleciendo el tejido social y la identidad indígena, acciones que pueden trascender a políticas públicas, planes de vida y aspiraciones de buen vivir.
Abstract Food autonomy allows communities to determine their food practices, starting with agricultural production in their territories, guaranteeing their own economy and harmony with Mother Earth. In this context, the COVID-19 pandemic generated changes in social practices in the communities. indigenous communities, including their food practices. Objective: Describe food autonomy practices revitalized following the COVID-19 confinement in a Nasa indigenous community in southern Colombia. Method: Qualitative study oriented on community-based participatory research (CBPR) carried out in a Nasa indigenous community in southern Colombia. The collection and interpretation of information was carried out with qualitative research techniques: open and axial coding and until reaching the description of emerging categories. Results: Ancestral practices of the food system were strengthened to improve access to healthy foods produced in their territories, among which the following stand out: tul (family garden), barter, hand-exchange, Nasa market and traditional recipes. Conclusions: Confinement represented an opportunity to resume and revitalize the community's ancestral food practices that responded to specific health and food needs, strengthening the social fabric and indigenous identity, actions that can transcend public policies, life plans and aspirations for a good life.
Abstract A autonomia alimentar permite que as comunidades determinem suas práticas alimentares, começando pela produção agrícola em seus territórios, garantindo sua própria economia e harmonia com a Mãe Terra. Nesse contexto, a pandemia da Covid-19 gerou mudanças nas práticas sociais nas comunidades indígenas, incluindo suas práticas alimentares. Objetivo: Descrever as práticas de autonomia alimentar revitalizadas após o confinamento da COVID-19 em uma comunidade indígena Nasa no sul da Colômbia. Método: Estudo qualitativo orientado à pesquisa participativa de base comunitária (CBPR) realizada em uma comunidade indígena Nasa no sul da Colômbia. A coleta e interpretação das informações foram realizadas com técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa: codificação aberta e axial e até chegar à descrição das categorias emergentes. Resultados: As práticas ancestrais do sistema alimentar foram fortalecidas para melhorar o acesso aos alimentos saudáveis produzidos em seus territórios, entre os quais se destacam: tul (horta familiar), escambo, troca de mãos, mercado Nasa e receitas tradicionais. Conclusões: O confinamento representou uma oportunidade para retomar e revitalizar as práticas alimentares ancestrais da comunidade que respondiam às necessidades específicas de saúde e alimentação, fortalecendo o tecido social e a identidade indígena, ações que podem transcender as políticas públicas, os planos de vida e as aspirações por uma vida boa.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Indigenous peoples' food systems have weakened as a result of pressures exerted by agro-commercial policies and chains, which has led to the dependency and deterioration of their ways of life. It is in this context that the construction of perspectives on food autonomy positions itself as a potential and strategic field of social decolonial mobilization for indigenous peoples' health and buen vivir. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the meanings of food autonomy from the perspectives of a Nasa Indigenous community in Colombia. METHOD: This was a qualitative study, involving 38 Indigenous people belonging to the Nasa Huila Indigenous community, aged between 18 and 73, with different occupations. The information was obtained by means of discussion groups and processed through content analysis. The project had the consent and ethical endorsement of the indigenous community. RESULTS: According to the study group, food autonomy is related to the Nasa identity, today weakened by territorial conditions, proximity to non-indigenous populations and the external influence of institutional food programs. Food autonomy develops by means of practices aimed at the production, distribution, preparation and consumption of healthy, chemical-free, homegrown food products from the family level, for self-consumption and in resistance to dependence on external commercial chains. CONCLUSION: Food autonomy positions itself as a community and political strategy that integrates the strengthening of family gardens, the adaptation of a food program menu, education and governance towards the development of autonomous processes from a decolonial perspective, for the promotion of health and buen vivir.
