ABSTRACT
To ensure the selection of high producing recombinant cell lines, a number of screening processes were developed in the presence of detection agents. Here, CHO cell lines secreting recombinant antibodies were detected in semi-solid medium containing detection agents. The aim was to compare two protein A-derived detection agents to two commercial fluorescent antibodies directed against the Fc part of the antibody of interest: the protein A derived Z domain fused to the red fluorescent protein and protein A labelled with a fluorescent Dylight™ 488 dye. All of these agents were compatible with cell recovery and colony formation, and specifically detected colonies secreting recombinant antibodies. Optimisation of the concentration of the fluorescent protein A allowed the identification of a higher number of good producers. Thus these data demonstrate that fluorescently labelled protein A-derivatives can be used for the selection of high producer cells.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism , High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods , Immunoglobulin G/metabolism , Staining and Labeling/methods , Staphylococcal Protein A/analysis , Animals , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/metabolism , Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics , CHO Cells , Cell Culture Techniques , Cricetulus , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Immunoglobulin G/genetics , Luminescent Proteins/genetics , Luminescent Proteins/metabolism , Protein Engineering , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Staphylococcal Protein A/immunology , Transgenes/genetics , Red Fluorescent ProteinABSTRACT
The goal of our study was to identify a subset of genes commonly expressed in Side Populations (SP), isolated by Hoechst staining followed by flow cytometry, from adult mouse bone marrow, male adult germinal cells, muscle primary culture, and mesenchymal cells. These SP cells have been proposed to be a "stem-like" population and are used here as a "model" that may reveal mechanisms which would be relevant for a better understanding of stem cell properties. Transcriptional profiles for SP and the more differentiated non-SP cells isolated from the four tissues were compared by hybridization on microarray using a common external reference. Among the 503 genes differentially expressed, which discriminate SP and non-SP cells in all the tissues, the genes upregulated in SP cells are implicated in the quiescent status of the cells, the maintenance of their pluripotency and the capacity to undergo asymmetric division. These genes may be responsible for the decision for self-renewal of these cells, whereas the repression of lineage-affiliated genes in SP cells could be responsible for their undifferentiated state. These genes, acting in concert, may be the key players that mediate the mechanisms that control stem cell functions, and our results suggest that we have identified common "stemness functions" of these "stem-like" cells.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Cells/classification , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Germinal Center/metabolism , Mesoderm/metabolism , Muscle Cells/metabolism , Stem Cells/metabolism , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Cell Line , Cell Separation , Cells, Cultured , Germinal Center/cytology , Male , Mesoderm/cytology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Muscle Cells/cytology , Stem Cells/cytologyABSTRACT
The non-pathogenic human adeno-associated virus, AAV, has been shown to sensitize human cancer cells and experimental tumors towards the action of chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin. Since chemotherapeutic drugs mainly involve the induction of apoptosis, we investigated whether 1 possible mechanism of AAV-mediated sensitization of human tumor cells may result from an enhancement of cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In HeLa and A549 cells, infection with AAV type 2 (AAV-2) increased cisplatin-induced DNA fragmentation but had no cytotoxic effect by itself. This enhanced apoptosis appeared to be mediated at least in part by a component of the viral capsid since empty or UV-inactivated AAV-2 particles were also able to boost cisplatin-induced DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, these effects were not observed after infection with AAV type 5 (AAV-5) or the autonomous parvovirus, H-1. AAV-2-mediated enhancement of apoptosis was not associated with a modification of the expression of CD95 ligand, CD95 receptor or other death receptors, as shown by RT-PCR and RNase protection assay. In contrast, using the mitochondrial fluorescent dye, JC-1 in flow cytometry, AAV-2 infection was found to further reduce the mitochondrial transmembrane potential after treatment with cisplatin in a caspase-independent manner, suggesting that increase of apoptosis by AAV-2 occurred at the mitochondrial level. In contrast, in cells of the small cell lung cancer line, P693, an enhancement of cisplatin-induced DNA fragmentation was not observed after infection with AAV-2. In these cells, sensitization to cisplatin-toxicity was associated with cell cycle arrest in G2/M. The data indicate that in the absence of viral gene expression, AAV-2-mediated sensitization to cisplatin involves multiple cellular pathways promoting cell death signals in a cell type-dependent manner. The results further support that AAV-2 particles may be appropriate adjuvants for improving cancer chemotherapy and may also have consequences regarding AAV-2-based vectors for gene therapy.
