ABSTRACT
In this study, dried elderberry fruits growing wild in Turkey were macerated using different solvents and an infusion was prepared according to traditional methods. All extracts were investigated for their total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanins, qualitative-quantitative determination of cyanidin-3-glucoside (by HPLC-UV analysis), anthocyanin compositions (by LC/MS-MS), free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS) and inhibition of ß-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation. An extract with 70% ethanol was found to be richer in cyanidin-3-glucoside when compared to the other extracts. The infusion was found to be as rich as the 70% ethanol extract. Ethanol and acetone extracts (both 70%) were found to be more active in the free radical activity and ß-carotene bleaching assays. Water extract showed good ABTS radical scavenging activity when compared with ascorbic acid.
Subject(s)
Anthocyanins/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Sambucus/chemistry , Anthocyanins/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Structure , Oxidation-Reduction , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The fruit of Physalis peruviana L. (PPL) has been traditionally used as antispasmodic, diuretic, antiseptic, sedative, and analgesic all over the world. We aimed to perform qualitative content analysis of the fruits of PPL and to clarify the in vitro genotoxicity and in vivo acute and subchronic toxicity of the fruit. Lyophilized fruit juice does not induce genetic damage. In the acute toxicity studies, LD50 value of the fruit was found to be more than 5000 mg kg(-1) for both sexes. According to the subchronic toxicity studies, hepatic, renal, and hematological toxic effects were not induced in both sexes. Plasma troponin I (only in the group treated with 5000 mg kg(-1) of lyophilized fruit juice) and troponin T levels were significantly increased in male groups treated with lyophilized fruit juice compared to the control group. Furthermore, potassium level was significantly increased in the male group treated with 5000 mg kg(-1) of lyophilized fruit juice. These findings were considered to indicate the myocardial damage particularly in the male group treated with 5000 mg kg(-1) of lyophilized fruit juice. In conclusion, lyophilized fruit juice of PPL is shown to induce cardiac toxicity only at high doses and in male gender.
