Efficacy and Safety of an Upfront RotaTripsy Strategy in the Treatment of De Novo and In-Stent Restenosis Cases.

BACKGROUND: Use of both rotational atherectomy (RA) and intravascular lithotripsy (IVL)-the "RotaTripsy" technique-offers a potentially synergistic calcium-modification strategy that can treat both luminal and abluminal calcification. An upfront RotaTripsy strategy using an undersized burr in large-caliber coronaries also offers the advantage of facilitating IVL catheter passage while being able to undertake the procedure with a 6-Fr system. METHODS: Consecutive patients with heavily calcified lesions on angiographic or intravascular imaging and large target-vessel caliber (≥3 mm) who underwent an upfront RA followed by IVL between July 2021 and January 2022 were included in this study. Study aims were to evaluate periprocedural efficacy and safety. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients included, RotaTripsy was used for treatment of de novo lesions in 12 patients (57%) and for in-stent-restenosis in 9 patients (43%). Seven cases of in-stent restenosis (ISR) involved 2 layers of stents. Mean reference vessel diameter was 3.67 ± 0.46 mm and baseline diameter stenosis was 77.4 ± 11.3%. Average RA burr-to-artery ratio was 0.43 ± 0.05 and IVL balloon-to-artery ratio was 0.93 ± 0.06, with IVL balloon crossing the lesion in all cases following RA. Procedural success was attained in 20 of 21 cases; 1 periprocedural complication (a death related to coronary perforation following stent postdilation) was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: An upfront RotaTripsy strategy is associated with a high degree of procedural success in de novo lesions and ISR cases by facilitating the use of a smaller burr-to-artery ratio and smaller-bore vascular access. Larger studies are required to further evaluate the potential benefits of an upfront RotaTripsy strategy from a safety and cost-benefit perspective.

Prime numbers and random walks in a square grid.

In recent years, computer simulations have played a fundamental role in unveiling some of the most intriguing features of prime numbers. In this paper, we define an algorithm for a deterministic walk through a two-dimensional grid, which we refer to as a prime walk. The walk is constructed from a sequence of steps dictated by and dependent on the sequence of the last digits of the primes. Despite the apparent randomness of this generating sequence, the resulting structure-in both two and three dimensions-created by the algorithm presents remarkable properties and regularities in its pattern, which we proceed to analyze in detail.

Evaluation of domain randomness in periodically poled lithium niobate by diffraction noise measurement.

Random duty-cycle errors (RDE) in ferroelectric quasi-phase-matching (QPM) devices not only affect the frequency conversion efficiency, but also generate non-phase-matched parasitic noise that can be detrimental to some applications. We demonstrate an accurate but simple method for measuring the RDE in periodically poled lithium niobate. Due to the equivalence between the undepleted harmonic generation spectrum and the diffraction pattern from the QPM grating, we employed linear diffraction measurement which is much simpler than tunable harmonic generation experiments [J. S. Pelc, et al., Opt. Lett.36, 864-866 (2011)]. As a result, we could relate the RDE for the QPM device to the relative noise intensity between the diffraction orders.

EPR and optical absorption studies of Cu2+ doped bis (glycinato) Mg (II) monohydrate single crystals.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of Cu(2+) doped bis (glycinato) Mg (II) monohydrate single crystals is carried out at room temperature. Copper enters the lattice substitutionally and is trapped at two magnetically inequivalent sites. The observed spectra are fitted to a spin-Hamiltonian of rhombic symmetry with the following values of the parameters: Cu(2+) (I), g(x)=2.1577+/-0.0002, g(y)=2.2018+/-0.0002, g(z)=2.3259+/-0.0002, A(x)=(87+/-2)x10(-4)cm(-1), A(y)=(107+/-2)x10(-4)cm(-1), A(z)=(141+/-2)x10(-4)cm(-1); Cu (2+) (II), g(x)=2.1108+/-0.0002, g(y)=2.1622+/-0.0002, g(z)=2.2971+/-0.0002, A(x)=(69+/-2)x10(-4)cm(-1), A(y)=(117+/-2)x10(-4)cm(-1)and A(z)=(134+/-2)x10(-4)cm(-1). The ground state wave function of the Cu(2+) ion in this lattice is evaluated to be predominantly |x(2)-y(2). The g-factor anisotropy is also calculated and compared with the experimental value. With the help of the optical absorption study, the nature of bonding in the complex is discussed.

Using a pair of rectangular coils in the MOT for the production of cold atom clouds with large optical density.

We demonstrate a simple method to increase the optical density (OD) of cold atom clouds produced by a magneto-optical trap (MOT). A pair of rectangular anti-Helmholtz coils is used in the MOT to generate the magnetic field that produces the cigar-shaped atom cloud. With 7.2x10(8) (87)Rb atoms in the cigar-type MOT, we achieve an OD of 32 as determined by the slow light measurement and this OD is large enough such that the atom cloud can almost contain the entire Gaussian light pulse. Compared to the conventional MOT under the same trapping conditions, the OD is increased by about 2.7 folds by this simple method. In another MOT setup of the cigar-shaped Cs atom cloud, we achieve an OD of 105 as determined by the absorption spectrum of the |6S(1/2),F = 4>-->/6P(3/2),F' = 5> transition.