ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to identify possible radioprotective properties of astaxanthin by means of cytogenetic criteria. METHODS: Cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from five apparently healthy volunteers; treatment of lym phocytes' cultures by astaxanthin in final concentrations 20 µg/ml in Go phase of mitotic cycle, prior to ? irradia tion in vitro in a dose 1 Gy; cytogenetic analysis the uniformly stained slides of metaphase chromosomes. The elec trophoresis of individual cells (Comet assay); visualization of results under fluorescent microscope; accounting the number of nucleoid the fourth grade that correspond to apoptosis of the cells. RESULTS: Established that astaxanthin in final concentration 20.0 µg/ml exposed to the culture of human peripher al blood lymphocytes in the early G0 phase of mitotic cycle leads to significant reduction of cytogenetic effects induced by gamma irradiation in vitro in dose 1.0 Gy (from 26.05 ± 1.81 to 9.08 ± 0.78 per 100 cells, respectively) and to significant increase the frequency of apoptotic cells at the 48 hour of cultivation (from (3.78 ± 0.24) to (8.26 ± 0.91) %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show the ability of astaxanthin to considerable weakening of radioinduced muta genic effect in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, which testify its powerful radioprotective potential.
Subject(s)
Lymphocytes , Chromosome Aberrations , Humans , Radiation, Ionizing , XanthophyllsABSTRACT
AIM: To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power plant and who were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness of the first and second degrees, were cultured in vitro. Astaxanthin was added into the culture medium at a final concentration of 20.0 µg/ml, prior to γ-irradiation of PBL in vitro at a dose of 1 Gy. The slides of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Astaxanthin demonstrated considerable radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytogenetic markers of radiation exposure (dicentrics and centric rings). CONCLUSION: The data evidence on radioprotective capacity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in vitro in PBL of liquidators irradiated during Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After".
Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Radiation Injuries/genetics , Radiation, Ionizing , Chromosomal Instability/drug effects , Chromosomal Instability/radiation effects , Chromosome Aberrations/drug effects , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Humans , Radiation Dosage , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Xanthophylls/pharmacologyABSTRACT
In the lecture we have generalized and analyzed the data of cytogenetic laboratory of National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine on 30-year selective cytogenetic monitoring among the priority contingents of different ages exposed to radiation after Chornobyl accident in Ukraine. It is highlighted that not only targeted but also untargeted radiation-induced cytogenetic effects should be explored, especially in delayed terms following radiation exposure. The new methodical approaches for studying "bystander effect", individual radiosensitivity, and various forms of radiation-induced chromosomal instability (delayed, hidden, transmissible) have been proposed. These approaches proved to be advantageous for analyzing cytogenetic patterns of induction and persistence of chromosomal instability in human somatic cells because of "bystander effect" and "bystander type effect". The phenomenon of positive "reverse" bystander effect has been found. The possibility of modifying the inherited individual human susceptibility to mutagenic exposure by ionizing radiation has been estimated. Finally, the association between hypersensitivity to radiation exposure and realization of oncopathology in exposed individuals has been revealed. The increased intensity of human somatic chromosomal mutagenesis was confirmed not only in the nearest but in the delayed terms following Chornobyl accident as a result of radiation-induced both targeted and untargeted cytogenetic effects. Such effects can be considered as risk factors for malignant transformation of cells, hereditary diseases, birth defects, and multifactorial somatic pathology. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After".
Subject(s)
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Mutagenesis/radiation effects , Radiation Injuries/epidemiology , Radiation Injuries/genetics , Chromosomal Instability , Cytogenetic Analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Radiation Dosage , Radiation, Ionizing , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective - to investigate the induction of hidden chromosome instability in persons occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation and its persistence in vitro in successive mitoses. Materials and methods. Using two tests ("G2-bleomycin sensitivity assay" and two-term cultivation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes) voluntary cytogenetic examination of 15 individuals participated in the conversion of the "Shelter" ("Chornobyl NPP") into ecologically safe system had been carried out. Total 24 034 metaphase had been analyzed, of which 12 243 - without additional mutagenic exposure, 11 791 - exposed to bleomycin in vitro at concentration of 0.05 µg/ml. Results. The magnitude and dynamics of background as well as bleomycin-induced cytogenetic effects in both terms of lymphocytes' cultivation in occupational group differed significantly from the group of comparison towards increasing of chromosome instability indices with significant interindividual fluctuations. Conclusion. Interindividual differences in persistence of radiation-induced hidden chromosome instability in successive generations of human somatic cells had been found.
