ABSTRACT
The authors used the Health Risk Behavior Survey for University Students to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among undergraduates in the Florida state university system. They examined the relationships of gender, marital situation, and minority status to 6 smoking behaviors (tried cigarettes, smoked regularly, tried to quit smoking, age when first smoked regularly, number of cigarettes smoked in the last month, and number of days smoked in the past month). Findings suggested that White students were more likely than minority students to try cigarettes and women more likely than men to smoke regularly. Married students smoked more regularly than others and were less likely than single students to have tried to quit smoking. The investigators suggested analyzing latent behaviors associated with smoking and called for a national meta-analysis of data from smoking studies to help clinicians deal with student tobacco use.
Subject(s)
Smoking/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Universities , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Female , Florida/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Marital Status , Prevalence , Racial Groups , Risk Factors , Smoking Prevention , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
51 Mexican children ages 3 and 4 years were asked to express preferences for 9 abstract and 9 realistic paintings on two separate occasions. Consistently, the children showed no clear preferences for abstract or realistic paintings and their choices remained stable. Implications for educational and cultural environments as well as children's literature are discussed.
Subject(s)
Paintings , Visual Perception , Child, Preschool , Culture , Humans , Mexico , United States/ethnologyABSTRACT
40 children ages 2 or 3 years were asked to express preferences for 9 abstract and 9 realistic paintings on two separate occasions. Children showed no clear preferences and these were stable over occasions. Their drawings were classified in the scribble stage. These results were consistent with downward extensions of aesthetic preference theories. Implications for the usual environments of young children were discussed.
Subject(s)
Art , Child, Preschool , Visual Perception , Color Perception , Female , Humans , Male , Psychology, ChildABSTRACT
Correlations among scores on motor, visual, auditory, and language subscales of a primary device, Yellow Brick Road, with subsequent academic achievement on Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills were moderate (.35 to .81). Comparisons of the third grade boys (n, 113) and girls (n, 111) on the screening device yielded little difference. Implications for screening and educational strategies were discussed.
Subject(s)
Achievement , Child Development , Psychological Tests , Auditory Perception , Child , Child, Preschool , Discrimination Learning , Female , Humans , Male , Motor Skills , Reading , Visual PerceptionABSTRACT
The distributional characteristics of the measure of sampling adequacy (MSA) were investigated in sample correlation matrices generated from multivariate normal populations with covariance matrix equal to the identity. Systematic variation of sample size and number of variables resulted in minimal fluctuation of the overall MSA from .50. Implications for the use of the index were discussed.
