ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Limited literature exists evaluating the ability of a pharmacist to quickly and effectively initiate and manage dose titrations of guideline-directed medication therapy (GDMT) in an outpatient setting. METHODS: This pilot study aimed to investigate the impact of pharmacist-managed, outpatient heart failure management on patients' heart failure outcomes, and health-care-related costs. Retrospective chart review performed on patients referred to pharmacist practicing under collaborative practice agreement. End points included time to achieve individualized target doses of GDMT; beta-blocker dose tolerance; and the clinic's impact on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), hospital admission, and emergency department encounter rates. Descriptive statistics were used to report nominal data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate continuous variables. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients completed full titration utilizing an average of 4.9 visits over 12.7 weeks. Seventy-eight percent (n = 28) achieved full beta-blocker titration. Seventy-six percent of patients had LVEF >35% after titration versus 43% at baseline. A significant reduction in all-cause hospital admissions was seen during both 13-week and 12-month comparison periods (P < .05). We estimated >US$50 000 annual revenue generation from 0.2 full-time equivalent pharmacist. CONCLUSIONS: Although hypothesis generating, our results support the idea that pharmacist-managed medication titration clinics are effective at completing titration, improving LVEF, and generating revenue.
