Cystoid macular oedema associated with Rosai-Dorfman disease: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to report a case of cystoid macular oedema (CME) associated with Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD). CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old male initially presented with a two-month history of a congested left eye. At presentation, visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/80 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy showed conjunctival hyperaemia in the left eye with a slight elevation, suggesting a subconjunctival mass. Retinal fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed the presence of CME in the left eye. A clinical examination revealed nodular lesions in the ears and a lump in the subcutaneous tissue of the left arm. A biopsy of the subcutaneous lesion showed histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of RDD. The patient was treated with intravitreal triamcinolone (0.1 mL/4 mg). One month after treatment, there was complete regression of the oedema with a significant improvement in visual acuity to 20/20. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case of RDD associated with cystoid macular oedema. Macular oedema responded to intravitreal treatment with triamcinolone.

Upper and lower eyelid saccades describe a harmonic oscillator function.

PURPOSE: To determine whether experimentally measured upper and lower eyelid saccades can be fitted to a mathematical function. METHODS: A charge-coupled device video camera connected to a personal computer was used to record upper and lower eyelid saccades accompanying 20 degrees and 40 degrees of vertical eye rotation in 19 normal adult subjects. Movement analysis was performed with software that calculated the center of a blue spot in each frame. The damped harmonic oscillator model was used to fit all saccadic functions obtained. RESULTS: All downward and upward saccades of both upper and lower eyelids were fitted with the underdamped solution of the model with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.980 to 0.999 (mean = 0.995). It was possible to measure maximum velocity at any time, amplitude, and duration of the saccade movements. For the upper eyelid, downward saccades were faster than upward saccades, a difference that was not observed for the lower eyelid. For both the upper and lower eyelids, the velocity of upward and downward movements reached a peak at approximately 0.05/0.06 second and then decreased. For both the upper and lower eyelid saccades, there was good linear correlation between amplitude and velocity. Overshoots were detected in the downward saccades of both lids. CONCLUSIONS: Normal upper and lower saccades are described by functions that are extremely well fitted by the underdamped solution of the harmonic oscillator model. Overshooting is a typical feature of normal downward saccades and can be explained by the elastic properties of the tissues.