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1.
Vet J ; 198(2): 412-8, 2013 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23962611

ABSTRACT

In endemic regions, Lyme disease is a potential health threat to dogs. Canine Lyme disease manifests with arthritis-induced lameness, anorexia, fever, lethargy, lymphadenopathy and, in some cases, fatal glomerulonephritis. A recent study revealed that the regional mean for the percentage of seropositive dogs in the north-east of the USA is 11.6%. The outer surface protein C (OspC) of Lyme disease spirochetes is an important virulence factor required for the establishment of infection in mammals. It is a leading candidate in human and canine Lyme disease vaccine development efforts. Over 30 distinct ospC phyletic types have been defined. It has been hypothesized that ospC genotype may influence mammalian host range. In this study, Ixodes scapularis ticks collected from the field in Rhode Island were assessed for infection with B. burgdorferi. Ticks were fed on purpose bred beagles to repletion and infection of the dogs was assessed through serology and PCR. Tissue biopsies (n=2) were collected from each dog 49 days post-tick infestation (dpi) and the ospC genotype of the infecting strains determined by direct PCR of DNA extracted from tissue or by PCR after cultivation of spirochetes from biopsy samples. The dominant ospC types associated with B. burgdorferi canine infections differed from those associated with human infection, indicating a relationship between ospC sequence and preferred host range. Knowledge of the most common ospC genotypes associated specifically with infection of dogs will facilitate the rational design of OspC-based canine Lyme disease vaccines and diagnostic assays.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Borrelia burgdorferi/immunology , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Lyme Disease/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics , Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism , Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Vaccines/genetics , Bacterial Vaccines/metabolism , Borrelia burgdorferi/genetics , Borrelia burgdorferi/isolation & purification , Dogs , Genotype , Ixodes/microbiology , Ixodes/physiology , Lyme Disease/microbiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Rhode Island , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary , Tick Infestations/parasitology , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Virulence Factors/blood , Virulence Factors/genetics , Virulence Factors/metabolism
2.
Parasitology ; 126(Pt 4): 293-302, 2003 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12741508

ABSTRACT

Perkinsus marinus is responsible for a chronic disease (Dermo) of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. In order to simulate the in vivo environment more closely, a chemically defined medium (JL-ODRP-3) was supplemented with tissue homogenate extracts or plasma from oysters possessing varying degrees of susceptibility to P. marinus infection. In media supplemented with extracts from highly susceptible oysters (C. virginica), P. marinus cells secreted elevated amounts of a set of low molecular weight serine proteases (LMP: 30-45 kDa) as assessed by enhanced digestion within gelatin-substrate SDS-PAGE gels. Oyster species of low susceptibility (C. gigas and C. ariakensis) did not exhibit this ability to upregulate P. marinus LMP expression. Oyster extract supplementation also led to pronounced changes in P. marinus cellular morphology, such that the cells were comparable to those observed within naturally infected oysters.


Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Eukaryota/cytology , Eukaryota/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Ostreidae/parasitology , Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism , Tissue Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Culture Media , Disease Susceptibility , Eukaryota/enzymology , Protozoan Infections, Animal , Up-Regulation/drug effects
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