Simultaneous Determination of Aliskiren Hemifumarate, Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Spiked Human Plasma Using UPLC-MS/MS.

A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of aliskiren hemifumarate (ALS), amlodipine besylate (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in spiked human plasma using valsartan as an internal standard (IS). Liquid-liquid extraction was used for purification and pre-concentration of analytes. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in ammonium acetate buffer (0.02 M, pH 3.5) and methanol (25:75, v/v), flowing through XBridge BEH (50 × 2.1 mm ID, 5 µm) C18 column, at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min(-1). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were measured using an electrospray source in the positive ion mode for ALS and AML, whereas HCZ and IS were measured in negative ion mode. Validation of the method was performed as per US-FDA guidelines with linearity in the range of 2.0-400.0, 0.3-25.0 and 5.0-400.0 ng mL(-1) for ALS, AML and HCZ, respectively. In human plasma, ALS, AML and HCZ were stable for at least 1 month at -70 ± 5°C and for at least 6 h at ambient temperature. After extraction from plasma, the reconstituted samples of ALS, AML and HCZ were stable in the autosampler at ambient temperature for 6 h. The LC-MS/MS method is suitable for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies of this combination.

Stability-indicating RP-LC method for determination of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical dosage forms: application to degradation kinetics.

A RP-LC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the active components, azilsartan medoxomil (AZL) and chlorthalidone (CLT), in their novel antihypertensive combined recipe. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol/potassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 8, 0.05 M) (40:60, v/v) in isocratic mode. The flow rate was maintained at 0.8 mL min(-1) at ambient temperature. Detection was carried out at 210 nm. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were satisfactory over the concentration range of 5.0-50.0 and 2.5-25.0 µg mL(-1) for AZL and CLT, respectively (r (2) = 0.9999). LODs for AZL and CLT were 0.90 and 0.32 µg mL(-1), whereas LOQs were 2.72 and 0.98 µg mL(-1), respectively. Both drugs were subjected to forced degradation studies under hydrolysis (neutral, acidic, and alkaline), oxidative, and photolytic extensive stress conditions. The proposed method is stability indicating by the resolution of the investigated drugs from their degradation products. Moreover, the kinetics of the acidic degradation of AZL as well as the kinetics of the alkaline degradation of CLT were investigated. Arrhenius plots were constructed and the apparent first-order rate constants, half-life times, shelf-life times, and the activation energies of the degradation processes were calculated. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs simultaneously in their coformulated tablet. The developed method is specific and stability indicating for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited medications in their pharmaceutical preparations.

Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric studies on azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone to be utilized in their determination in pharmaceuticals.

The recently approved angiotensin II receptor blocker, azilsartan medoxomil (AZL), was determined spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorimetrically in its combination with chlorthalidone (CLT) in their combined dosage form. The UV-spectrophotometric technique depends on simultaneous measurement of the first derivative spectra for AZL and CLT at 286 and 257 nm, respectively, in methanol. The spectrofluorimetric technique depends on measurement of the fourth derivative of the synchronous spectra intensities of AZL in presence of CLT at 298 nm in methanol. The effects of different solvents on spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric responses were studied. For, the spectrofluorimetric study, the effect of pH and micelle-assisted fluorescence enhancement were also studied. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to be satisfactory over the concentration ranges of 8-50 µg mL(-1) and 2-20 µg mL(-1) for AZL and CLT, respectively, in the spectrophotometric method as well as 0.01-0.08 µg mL(-1) for AZL in the spectrofluorimetric method. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their co-formulated tablets. The developed methods are inexpensive and simple for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs in bulk and in pharmaceuticals.

Steady-state and synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods for simultaneous determination of aliskiren hemifumarate and amlodipine besylate in dosage forms.

Aliskiren hemifumarate (ALS) and amlodipine besylate (AML) were simultaneously determined by two different spectrofluorimetric techniques. The first technique depends on direct measurement of the steady-state fluorescence intensities of ALS and AML at 313 nm and 452 nm upon excitation at 290 and 375 nm, respectively, in a solvent composed of methanol and water (10: 90, v/v). The second technique utilizes synchronous fluorimetric quantitative screening of the emission spectra of ALS and AML at 272 and 366 nm, respectively using Δλ of 97 nm. Effects of different solvents and surfactants on relative fluorescence intensity were studied. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be satisfactory in both techniques over the concentration ranges of 1-15 and 0.4-4 µg/mL for ALS and AML, respectively. In the first technique, limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated and found to be 0.256 and 0.776 µg/mL for ALS as well as 0.067 and 0.204 µg/mL for AML, respectively. Also, limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated in the synchronous method and found to be 0.293 and 0.887 µg/mL for ALS as well as 0.034 and 0.103 µg/mL for AML, respectively. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of the two drugs in their co-formulated tablets. The results were compared statistically with reference methods and no significant difference was found. The developed methods are rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and accurate for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations without pre-separation.

Simultaneous determination of aliskiren hemifumarate, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide in their triple mixture dosage form by capillary zone electrophoresis.

A novel, specific, reliable, and accurate capillary zone electrophoretic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of aliskiren hemifumarate, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide in their triple mixture dosage form. Separation was carried out in a fused-silica capillary (57.0 cm total length and 50.0 cm effective length, 75.6 µm internal diameter) by applying a potential of 17 kV and a running buffer consisting of 40 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 with UV detection at 245 nm. The method was suitably validated with respect to specificity, linearity, LOD, and LOQ, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The method showed good linearity in the ranges 1-10, 2.5-25, and 30-300 µg/mL with LODs of 0.11, 0.33, and 5.83 µg/mL for amlodipine besylate, hydrochlorothiazide, and aliskiren hemifumarate, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their coformulated tablets. The results of the proposed method were statistically compared with those obtained by the RP-HPLC reference method revealing no significant differences in the performance of the methods regarding accuracy and precision.

Synchronized separation of seven medications representing most commonly prescribed antihypertensive classes by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography: Application for analysis in their combined formulations.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, along with six drugs representing the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive pharmacological classes such as atenolol, a selective ß1 blocker, amlodipine besylate, a calcium channel blocker, moexipril hydrochloride, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, valsartan and candesartan cilexetil, which are angiotensin II receptor blockers, and aliskiren hemifumarate, a renin inhibitor, using irbesartan as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved using acetonitrile/sodium phosphate dibasic buffer (0.02 M, pH 5.5) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min in gradient elution mode at ambient temperature on a stationary phase composed of an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) column. UV detection was carried out at 220 nm. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were satisfactory over the concentration ranges of 2-40 µg/mL for hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan cilexetil, 20-120, 10-160, 5-40, 20-250, and 5-50 µg/mL for atenolol, valsartan, moexipril hydrochloride, aliskiren hemifumarate, and amlodipine besylate, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of each of the studied drugs in their combined formulations with hydrochlorothiazide. The developed method is suitable for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms.