Subject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Surgeons/education , Professional Practice , Emergencies , Emergency RespondersABSTRACT
The official NO-DO newsreels were screened in Spain on a weekly basis from 1943 to 1981. These official news and documentary programmes were compulsory in cinemas from the moment they were first produced until the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1975). NO-DO held an information monopoly and was used as the regime's propaganda tool to indoctrinate the population, building stories tailored to the regime's interests and masking social realities. In this study, we examined newsreels on medical subjects relating to diseases preventable by vaccination. A majority of reports centred on poliomyelitis, and two differentiated periods could be defined, coinciding with the development of Franco regime's foreign policy. Further, from the gender perspective, we analyse the female stereotypes in the battle against vaccine preventable diseases Therefore, the news coverage of polio is of special relevance. In conclusion, this topic offers a good opportunity to reflect on the political role of popular science and science communication in a specific historical context. (AU)
Desde 1943 hasta 1981 se proyectó en España el noticiero semanal NO-DO, que tuvo carácter oficial y fue de obligada proyección en las salas cinematográficas desde su creación hasta el final de la dictadura franquista (1975). NO-DO ejerció el monopolio de la información y fue utilizado como instrumento de propaganda del régimen para adoctrinar a la población, construyendo un relato a la medida de sus intereses y ocultando la realidad social. Este trabajo estudia las noticias proyectadas de contenido médico relacionadas con las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. La poliomielitis ocupa la mayoría de los reportajes publicados, en dos periodos bien diferenciados, coincidiendo con la evolución de la política exterior del régimen franquista. Además, desde una perspectiva de género, se analizan los estereotipos femeninos existentes en la lucha contra dichas enfermedades. En conclusión, este tema ofrece una buena oportunidad para reflexionar sobre el papel político de la ciencia popular y la comunicación científica en un contexto histórico determinado. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Political Systems , Spain , Public Policy , Propaganda , VaccinationABSTRACT
The official NO-DO newsreels were screened in Spain on a weekly basis from 1943 to 1981. These official news and documentary programmes were compulsory in cinemas from the moment they were first produced until the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1975). NO-DO held an information monopoly and was used as the regime's propaganda tool to indoctrinate the population, building stories tailored to the regime's interests and masking social realities. In this study, we examined newsreels on medical subjects relating to diseases preventable by vaccination. A majority of reports centred on poliomyelitis, and two differentiated periods could be defined, coinciding with the development of Franco regime's foreign policy. Further, from the gender perspective, we analyse the female stereotypes in the battle against vaccine preventable diseases Therefore, the news coverage of polio is of special relevance. In conclusion, this topic offers a good opportunity to reflect on the political role of popular science and science communication in a specific historical context.
Subject(s)
Poliomyelitis , Female , Humans , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Political Systems , Propaganda , Public Policy , VaccinationABSTRACT
The NO-DO, a weekly projection of the Franco regime, created as a diffusion service of obligatory exhibition in Spanish cinemas, constitutes the greatest audiovisual historical background for the contemporary history of Spain in the 20th century. The analysis and study of these newsreels and documentaries illustrate parallel to the political and socioeconomic evolution of that time, how the process of food and nutritional transition took place. The main objective of this work was to analyse and reflect on the image that these newsreels and documentaries offered to the Spanish population on the field of nutrition and the development of the different tendencies in the diet of this period. In order to carry out this study, an extensive list of descriptors specific to the discipline of nutrition and food was drawn up so that it could serve as a tool for searching for references collected both in newsreels and in documentaries, through the web search engine of the NO-DO on-line archive that is included in the Spanish Film Library's collection. Once the search was carried out and the exclusion criteria were applied, according to the subject of the study, there were analysed a total of 169 newsreels and 5 documentaries. The analysis of the results obtained allowed a general review of this era through the process of nutritional transition that the country experienced in these decades (1943-1981).
El NO-DO, programa semanal creado como un servicio de difusión de obligatoria exhibición en los cines españoles durante la dictadura franquista, constituye el mayor fondo histórico audiovisual para la historia contemporánea de España durante el siglo XX. El análisis y el estudio de estos noticiarios y documentales ilustran, de forma paralela a la evolución política y socioeconómica de aquel momento, cómo tuvo lugar el proceso de transición alimentaria y nutricional. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal analizar y reflexionar acerca de la imagen que el NO-DO ofrecía a la población española sobre el ámbito de la nutrición y el desarrollo de las distintas tendencias en la alimentación de esta época. Para la elaboración de este estudio, se elaboró una amplia lista de descriptores propios de la disciplina de la nutrición y la alimentación de modo que sirviera como herramienta para la búsqueda de referencias recogidas tanto en los noticiarios como en los documentales, a través del buscador de la web del archivo online del NO-DO que se incluye en los fondos de la Filmoteca Española. Realizada la búsqueda y aplicados los criterios de exclusión, atendiendo a la temática de estudio, se analizaron un total de 169 noticiarios y 5 documentales. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos permitió una revisión general de esta época a través del proceso de transición nutricional que vivió el país en estas décadas (1943-1981).
Subject(s)
Diet/history , Food/history , Motion Pictures , History, 20th Century , Humans , Nutritional Status , Political Systems , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El NO-DO, programa semanal creado como un servicio de difusión de obligatoria exhibición en los cines españoles durante la dictadura franquista, constituye el mayor fondo histórico audiovisual para la historia contemporánea de España durante el siglo XX. El análisis y el estudio de estos noticiarios y documentales ilustran, de forma paralela a la evolución política y socioeconómica de aquel momento, cómo tuvo lugar el proceso de transición alimentaria y nutricional. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal analizar y reflexionar acerca de la imagen que el NO-DO ofrecía a la población española sobre el ámbito de la nutrición y el desarrollo de las distintas tendencias en la alimentación de esta época. Para la elaboración de este estudio, se elaboró una amplia lista de descriptores propios de la disciplina de la nutrición y la alimentación de modo que sirviera como herramienta para la búsqueda de referencias recogidas tanto en los noticiarios como en los documentales, a través del buscador de la web del archivo online del NO-DO que se incluye en los fondos de la Filmoteca Española. Realizada la búsqueda y aplicados los criterios de exclusión, atendiendo a la temática de estudio, se analizaron un total de 169 noticiarios y 5 documentales. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos permitió una revisión general de esta época a través del proceso de transición nutricional que vivió el país en estas décadas (1943-1981)
The NO-DO, a weekly projection of the Franco regime, created as a diffusion service of obligatory exhibition in Spanish cinemas, constitutes the greatest audiovisual historical background for the contemporary history of Spain in the 20th century. The analysis and study of these newsreels and documentaries illustrate parallel to the political and socioeconomic evolution of that time, how the process of food and nutritional transition took place. The main objective of this work was to analyse and reflect on the image that these newsreels and documentaries offered to the Spanish population on the field of nutrition and the development of the different tendencies in the diet of this period. In order to carry out this study, an extensive list of descriptors specific to the discipline of nutrition and food was drawn up so that it could serve as a tool for searching for references collected both in newsreels and in documentaries, through the web search engine of the NO-DO on-line archive that is included in the Spanish Film Library's collection. Once the search was carried out and the exclusion criteria were applied, according to the subject of the study, there were analysed a total of 169 newsreels and 5 documentaries. The analysis of the results obtained allowed a general review of this era through the process of nutritional transition that the country experienced in these decades (1943-1981)
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health/history , Nutritional Transition , 52503 , Food Supply/history , Nutrition Policy/history , Food and Nutrition Education , Nutritional Requirements , Food and Nutritional Health Promotion , Mass Media/historyABSTRACT
The weekly NO-DO newsreels, official and of obligatory projection in cinemas, held an information monopoly during the Francoist dictatorship (1943-1975) in Spain. The NO-DO was used as an instrument of indoctrination and legitimation, building a discourse based on the regime's needs and interests. In this study, we examined newsreels on medical subjects related to vaccine-preventable diseases. A majority of reports centred on poliomyelitis, and two differentiated periods could be defined, coinciding with the evolution of the Franco regime's foreign policy. The first period reflected the regime's era of isolation and referred to polio as a foreign disease, with the NO-DO showing the US initiatives to fight against it, as it had become the scientific model to follow. Subsequently, the ambiguities of the news related to the disease reflected the dictatorship's refusal to confront the epidemic suffered by the Spanish population until the vaccination campaigns began in 1963. Even then, the consequences that the negligent management of the disease had for many families were concealed. Meanwhile, the image of a modernized country concerned about national public health was legitimized.
Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Poliomyelitis/epidemiology , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Propaganda , Humans , Immunization Programs , Internet , Public Health , Public Health Surveillance , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
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