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6.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 97(4): 1103-1110, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29031287

ABSTRACT

In Central America, few cases of leprosy have been reported, but the disease may be unrecognized. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and histology. Preliminary field work in Nicaragua and Honduras found patients, including many children, with skin lesions clinically suggestive of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis or indeterminate leprosy. Histology could not distinguish these diseases although acid-fast organisms were visible in a few biopsies. Lesions healed after standard antimicrobial therapy for leprosy. In the present study, patients, family members, and other community members were skin-tested and provided nasal swabs and blood samples. Biopsies were taken from a subgroup of patients with clinical signs of infection. Two laboratories analyzed samples, using local in-house techniques. Mycobacterium leprae, Leishmania spp. and Leishmania infantum were detected using polymerase chain reactions. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was detected in blood samples and nasal swabs, including some cases where leprosy was not clinically suspected. Leishmania spp. were also detected in blood and nasal swabs. Most biopsies contained Leishmania DNA and coinfection of Leishmania spp. with M. leprae occurred in 33% of cases. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was also detected and sequenced from Nicaraguan and Honduran environmental samples. In conclusion, leprosy and leishmaniasis are present in both regions, and leprosy appears to be widespread. The nature of any relationship between these two pathogens and the epidemiology of these infections need to be elucidated.


Subject(s)
Leishmania/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/epidemiology , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Honduras/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nicaragua/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
7.
Fontilles, Rev. leprol ; 31(2): 87-104, mayo-ago. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167624

ABSTRACT

No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy/history , Physicians/history
8.
Fontilles, Rev. leprol ; 31(2): 119-132, mayo-ago. 2017. ilus, tab, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167626

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es describir los patrones y tendencias de la lepra autóctona en la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Métodos: Se incluyeron todos los casos nuevos d lepra de la Comunidad Valenciana entre los años 1940 y 2015. Se excluyeron pacientes de otros países u otras regiones españolas. Los nuevos casos se analizaron por edad, sexo, forma clínica, ocupación y distribución geográfica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 442 pacientes presumiblemente autóctonos. La incidencia disminuye de forma constante a lo largo del período de estudio. La edad media al comienzo de la enfermedad aumenta desde 34·2 años durante el período 1940-1949 hasta 59·5 años durante 2000-2015. No se detectaron nuevos casos desde 2006 y ningún caso nacidos después de 1973. Los pacientes eran mayoritariamente hombres (57·7%) y el 85·4% con tipo multibacilar. La proporción de casos multibacilares aumentó gradualmente después de 1970. La mayoría de los pacientes varones (67·9%) desarrollaban labores en el campo. La mayoría de los casos, sobre todo en los últimos períodos, se concentran en las regiones costeras. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados concuerdan con otros estudios de otras regiones con características semejantes y sugieren que la transmisión de M. leprae en esta área ha sido interrumpida. La lepra autóctona ha sido mayoritariamente masculina con muchos casos multibacilares. Hay que investigar más porque su distribución geográfica y la elevada incidencia en trabajadores del campo sugieren posibles causas medioambientales


Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the patterns and trends of autochthonous leprosy in the Valencia Region (Spain). Methods: : We included all new leprosy cases originating from the Valencia Region between the years 1940 and 2015. Patients originating from other countries or other Spanish regions were excluded. New cases were analysed by age, sex, clinical type, occupation, and geographic distribution.Results: A total of 442 patients with presumably autochthonous leprosy were included. Incidence rates consistently declined over the study period. Mean age at onset gradually increased from 34·2 years during the period 1940-1949 to 59·5 years during 2000-2015. There were no cases with clinical onset after 2006 and no cases born after 1973. Patients were predominantly males (57·7%) and 85·4% had multibacillary leprosy. The proportion of multibacillary cases increased gradually after 1970. The majority of male patients (67·9%) worked in agriculture. Most of the cases, especially during the later periods, were concentrated in the coastal regions. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with trends described in other regions with declining leprosy incidence rates and suggest that the transmission of M. leprae infection in this area may well have now stopped. Autochthonous leprosy in this region has had a male predominance and a high proportion of multibacillary cases. The geographic distribution and the high incidence in agricultural workers suggest that environmental factors should be further explored (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy/epidemiology , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification , Age and Sex Distribution , Leprosy, Multibacillary/epidemiology , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data
12.
Fontilles, Rev. leprol ; 30(3): 211-236, sept.-dic. 2015. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147074

ABSTRACT

La lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por M. leprae con un importante componente genético y socioambiental. Estudiamos factores ambientales, geográficos, hereditarios y de contagio que puedan favorecer el desarrollo de la enfermedad y valoramos su evolución en una población muy concreta que vivió una larga etapa desprovista de tratamiento efectivo. 30 españoles adultos, que fueron afectados por la lepra y que residen hoy en el Sanatorio de Fontilles, contestaron de forma voluntaria y anónima a un cuestionario epidemiológico que dio lugar a 70 variables. Se analizó la significación estadística de las variables. El 70% de los pacientes provienen de Andalucía y el 85% de un ambiente pobre. El 80% fueron afectados de lepra lepromatosa. 56,7% de los pacientes refieren un contacto cercano con un enfermo de lepra, en su mayoría de tipo intradomiciliario, con un tiempo medio de convivencia de 16 años. Ningún paciente tuvo un hijo afecto. 20 de 27 pacientes valorados físicamente presentan algún grado de discapacidad de manos y pies. El 74,1% no puede garantizar haber bebido siempre agua limpia. Es necesaria una mayor investigación de los factores etiopatogénicos implicados en la enfermedad para controlar así su transmisión y conseguir su erradicación a nivel mundial


Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by M. Leprae, which has an important influence of genetic and socialenvironmental factors. We study environmental, geographic, hereditary and transmission factors which could contribute to the development of the illness and we evaluate its course and consequences in a very specific population sample that suffered from leprosy without treatment. 30 Spanish adults affected by leprosy who live today in the Sanatorio Fontilles, answered voluntarily and anonymously an epidemiological survey which provided us with 70 variables. We analysed the statistical significance of the variables. 70% of the patients were born in Andalusia and 85% of them come from a poor socioeconomic background. 80% where affected by lepromatous leprosy. 56,7% of the patients declared a close contact with a leprosy patient. In general, the contact took place in the household, with an average of 16 years living in the same household. No patient had an affected child. 20 out of the 27 physically evaluated patients present certain degree of disability. 74,1% of the patients cannot guarantee having had always access to a clean source of water. Further investigation of the etiology factors involved in leprosy is necessary to achieve the control of transmission and world eradication


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/prevention & control , Health Services/standards , Health Services , Leprosy, Lepromatous/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Leprosy/physiopathology , Leprosy/transmission , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium leprae/pathogenicity , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/epidemiology , Leprosy, Borderline/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , 28599
18.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 32(2): 147-158, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-685976

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es una de las principales causas de muerte en la mujer, tanto en Cuba, como a nivel mundial. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si las concentraciones bajas de colesterol asociado a las lipoproteínas de alta densidad, representan un factor de riesgo a considerar, en mujeres con cardiopatía isquémica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal en 727 mujeres, durante el período de enero 2010 a diciembre 2012. Se determinó el por ciento de mujeres sin o con cardiopatía isquémica (CI), con diferentes rangos de c-HDL (normal o patológico). Además se formaron un grupo control (A) y dos grupos con CI sin o con antecedentes de infarto agudo del miocardio (B y C), para comparar el perfil lipídico. Además, diferentes factores de riesgo para la CI se relacionaron con la variable c-HDL. Resultados: Las mujeres con CI presentaron un promedio de edad y un índice cintura-cadera, dentro del rango de riesgo cardiovascular. Los niveles de triglicéridos y VLDL-c fueron significativamente superiores (p< 0,05*), relacionados con una disminución significativa (p< 0,05*) del HDL-c, en las mujeres con CI (grupos B y C) al compararlos con el grupo control. Además, se encontró asociación significativa (p< 0,05*), entre las cifras bajas de HDL-c, con la presencia de cardiopatía isquémica, hipertrigliceridemia y el antecedente de cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones bajas de HDL-c están asociadas con la presencia de cardiopatía isquémica e hipertrigliceridemia. Por tanto, el control de los niveles de HDL-c representa un objetivo terapéutico que contribuye a reducir eventos cardiovasculares mayores. Además la presencia de otros factores de riesgo como la edad y el sobrepeso, pudiera influir en el desarrollo de estos eventos.


Background: Ischemic heart disease is one of the main causes of death in women, both in Cuba and in the world. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether low cholesterol concentrations, associated with high density lipoproteins, represent a risk factor to consider in women with ischemic heart disease. Methods: An observational, transversal study was conducted in 727 women during the period from January 2010 to December 2012. The percent of women with or without ischemic heart disease (IHD) and different ranges of HDL - C levels (normal or pathological) was determined. Results: Women with IHD had a mean age and a waist-hip ratio within the range of cardiovascular risk. Triglycerides and VLDL-C levels were significantly higher (p <0.05 *), related to a significant decrease of HDL- C levels (p <0.05 *) in women with IHD (groups B and C) when compared with the control group. Also, a significant association (p<0, 05*) was found between the low levels of HDL- C levels, with presence of ischemic heart disease, hypertriglyceridemia and antecent of myocardial revascularization surgery. Conclusions: Low HDL-C levels are associated with the presence of ischemic heart disease and hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, the control of HDL- C levels represents a therapeutic target which helps to reduce major cardiovascular events. Moreover, the presence of other risk factors such as age and overweight could influence the development of these events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cholesterol, HDL , Myocardial Ischemia/complications , Myocardial Ischemia/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , Risk Factors
19.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 32(2)abr.-jun. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-57019

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es una de las principales causas de muerte en la mujer, tanto en Cuba, como a nivel mundial. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si las concentraciones bajas de colesterol asociado a las lipoproteínas de alta densidad, representan un factor de riesgo a considerar, en mujeres con cardiopatía isquémica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal en 727 mujeres, durante el período de enero 2010 a diciembre 2012. Se determinó el por ciento de mujeres sin o con cardiopatía isquémica (CI), con diferentes rangos de c-HDL (normal o patológico). Además se formaron un grupo control (A) y dos grupos con CI sin o con antecedentes de infarto agudo del miocardio (B y C), para comparar el perfil lipídico. Además, diferentes factores de riesgo para la CI se relacionaron con la variable c-HDL. Resultados: Las mujeres con CI presentaron un promedio de edad y un índice cintura-cadera, dentro del rango de riesgo cardiovascular. Los niveles de triglicéridos y VLDL-c fueron significativamente superiores (p< 0,05*), relacionados con una disminución significativa (p< 0,05*) del HDL-c, en las mujeres con CI (grupos B y C) al compararlos con el grupo control. Además, se encontró asociación significativa (p< 0,05*), entre las cifras bajas de HDL-c, con la presencia de cardiopatía isquémica, hipertrigliceridemia y el antecedente de cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones bajas de HDL-c están asociadas con la presencia de cardiopatía isquémica e hipertrigliceridemia. Por tanto, el control de los niveles de HDL-c representa un objetivo terapéutico que contribuye a reducir eventos cardiovasculares mayores. Además la presencia de otros factores de riesgo como la edad y el sobrepeso, pudiera influir en el desarrollo de estos eventos(AU)


Background: Ischemic heart disease is one of the main causes of death in women, both in Cuba and in the world. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether low cholesterol concentrations, associated with high density lipoproteins, represent a risk factor to consider in women with ischemic heart disease. Methods: An observational, transversal study was conducted in 727 women during the period from January 2010 to December 2012. The percent of women with or without ischemic heart disease (IHD) and different ranges of HDL - C levels (normal or pathological) was determined. Results: Women with IHD had a mean age and a waist-hip ratio within the range of cardiovascular risk. Triglycerides and VLDL-C levels were significantly higher (p <0.05 *), related to a significant decrease of HDL- C levels (p <0.05 *) in women with IHD (groups B and C) when compared with the control group. Also, a significant association (p<0, 05*) was found between the low levels of HDL- C levels, with presence of ischemic heart disease, hypertriglyceridemia and antecent of myocardial revascularization surgery. Conclusions: Low HDL-C levels are associated with the presence of ischemic heart disease and hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, the control of HDL- C levels represents a therapeutic target which helps to reduce major cardiovascular events. Moreover, the presence of other risk factors such as age and overweight could influence the development of these events(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Myocardial Ischemia/pathology , Cholesterol, HDL/analysis , Hypertriglyceridemia/diagnosis , Dyslipidemias/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Cuba , Evaluation Studies as Topic/methods
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