Night eating syndrome subtypes: differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in binge eating and food addiction symptoms between Night Eating Syndrome (NES) latent subtypes: evening hyperphagia with nocturnal ingestions (EHNI), evening hyperphagia-only (EHO), and nocturnal ingestions-only (NIO). It was hypothesized that the EHNI group would report more binge eating behaviors and more food addiction symptoms than both the EHO and NIO groups. Further, it was hypothesized that the EHO and NIO groups would differ with the EHO group reporting more binge eating behaviors and the NIO group reporting more food addiction symptoms. METHODS: Participants completed measures online relating to night eating, binge eating, and food addiction. Average age of the final sample was 34.3 (SD = 10.5) and 62.0% were men. Responses to the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ; Allison et al., 2008) were used to create an EHNI group (n = 65), an EHO group (n = 32), and a NIO group (n = 69). ANOVAs were conducted to examine between-group differences on disordered eating symptoms. RESULTS: Participants in the EHNI group reported more severe binge eating and food addiction symptoms than those in the EHO and NIO groups. However, there were no significant differences in binge eating or food addiction between the EHO and NIO groups. CONCLUSION: Individuals who meet both NES core criteria (evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions) are likely at a higher risk for experiencing other, more severe disordered eating pathologies. Implications concerning assessment and future research on NES typology are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Socioeconomic and racial disparities of sidewalk quality in a traditional rust belt city.

Neighborhood walkability is key to promoting health, accessibility, and pedestrian safety. The Accessible, Connected Communities Encouraging Safe Sidewalks (ACCESS) project was developed to assess sidewalks throughout an urban community in Pontiac, Michigan. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018 along eighty miles of sidewalk for tripping hazards, cracking, vegetation, obstructions, overhead coverage, street lighting, buffers, and crosswalks. Data were mapped in ArcGIS with sociodemographic characteristics by U.S. Census block group. The majority of sidewalks had moderate (57.6%) or major (29.4%) sidewalk quality issues, especially maintenance-related impediments (68.6%) and inadequate street lighting or shade coverage (87.2%). The majority of crosswalks had a curb ramp to improve access for people with disabilities (84.4%), however over half lacked a detectable warning strip (55.8%). Degraded sidewalk quality was associated with lower neighborhood socioeconomic status and a higher proportion of Black and Latinx residents. Equity-centered pedestrian infrastructure improvement plans can address these disparities by increasing accessible, safe active transport options that promote physical activity and reduce health disparities. Evaluations like ACCESS can connect public health professionals with municipal planners to advance Complete Streets plans and promote healthy living.