Usefulness of an unstable board balance test to accurately identify community-dwelling elderly individuals with a history of falls.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of an un-stable board balance test in identifying a fall history among high-functioning community-dwelling elderly individuals. DESIGN: Case-control study. SUBJECTS: Sixty-one community-dwelling elderly aged ≥ 65 years and having the capacity to walk independently without an assistive device. METHODS: Subjects completed 3 balance performance tests: the Unstable Board Balance Test, Functional Reach Test, and Timed Up and Go. For analysis, subjects were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on the history of falls over the previous year, and performance outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Subjects classified as fallers were then matched 1:1 with non-fallers (for sex, age, body weight and height), and the optimal cut-off score and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each test were calculated. RESULTS: Functional reach test and Timed Up and Go did not reliably discriminate between fallers and non-fallers. In contrast, the score on the unstable board balance test was significantly different between the 2 groups (p = 0.040). Among all 3 tests, AUC was largest for the unstable board balance test (0.78), with superior sensitivity (0.67) and specificity (0.87). CONCLUSION: For high-functioning elderly subjects, the unstable board balance test was useful in discriminating between fallers and non-fallers.

Dynamic balance assessment using an unstable board in community-dwelling elderly people.

[Purpose] A new method for measuring dynamic balance was developed. The aim of this study was to describe the use of a novel "unstable board" to evaluate the balance ability of community-dwelling elderly individuals. [Participants and Methods] The following balance outcomes were evaluated in 59 community-dwelling elderly people: anteroposterior and mediolateral stability indexes on the unstable board, Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test score, the Functional Reach Test score, Timed Up-and-Go time, and the Figure-8 Walk Test time. [Results] With respect to the relationship between the stability indexes and functional balance scales, the anteroposterior stability index significantly correlated with the anticipatory postural adjustment component (r=-0.422), stability in the gait component (r=-0.274), and total score of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (r=-0.316); timed up-and-go time (r=0.320); and figure-8 walk test time (r=0.340). No correlation was found between the mediolateral stability index and the functional balance scale scores. [Conclusion] The anteroposterior stability index correlated with the declines in postural adjustments and performance in the dynamic balance assessments. Therefore, the anteroposterior stability index, evaluated on an unstable board, could provide an efficient tool for predicting changes in dynamic balance capacity, which could not be identified using the most commonly used balance assessment tools.

Anaerobic Threshold and Salivary α-amylase during Incremental Exercise.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the validity of salivary α-amylase as a method of quickly estimating anaerobic threshold and to establish the relationship between salivary α-amylase and double-product breakpoint in order to create a way to adjust exercise intensity to a safe and effective range. [Subjects and Methods] Eleven healthy young adults performed an incremental exercise test using a cycle ergometer. During the incremental exercise test, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and ventilatory equivalent were measured using a breath-by-breath gas analyzer. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured to calculate the double product, from which double-product breakpoint was determined. Salivary α-amylase was measured to calculate the salivary threshold. [Results] One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences among workloads at the anaerobic threshold, double-product breakpoint, and salivary threshold. Significant correlations were found between anaerobic threshold and salivary threshold and between anaerobic threshold and double-product breakpoint. [Conclusion] As a method for estimating anaerobic threshold, salivary threshold was as good as or better than determination of double-product breakpoint because the correlation between anaerobic threshold and salivary threshold was higher than the correlation between anaerobic threshold and double-product breakpoint. Therefore, salivary threshold is a useful index of anaerobic threshold during an incremental workload.