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Pediatr. catalan ; 73(3): 107-112, jul.-sept. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-116849

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La obesidad y el sobrepeso no solo tienen consecuencias físicas, sino también psicológicas, que afectan a la autoestima del adolescente. Objetivo. Determinar el autoconcepto de adolescentes con obesidad y sobrepeso, y determinar su asociación con el grado de respuesta a la intervención educativa para reducir el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Método. Ensayo clínico multicéntrico de un año de duración en adolescentes de 10 a 14 años con obesidad y sobrepeso, realizado en consultas de pediatría de atención primaria en Catalunya. Se realiza intervención educativa para reducir el IMC: grupo intervención (GI), seis visitas (meses 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 y 12); y grupo control (GC), dos (meses 0 y 12). Se analiza la autoestima al inicio y al final del estudio con el cuestionario AF-5. Resultados. Participación de 174 adolescentes, y completan el estudio 125 (71,8%); media de edad: 11,81 años (1,21), y 50% de mujeres. Disminución del Z-score del IMC en ambos grupos (p<0,001). Rellenan el cuestionario AF-5 al inicio del estudio 160 adolescentes (GI 80 y GC 80), y al final lo hacen 100 (GI 49 y GC 51). Las dimensiones más afectadas: emocional y física. La niñas del GI en comparación con las del GC mejoraron significativamente en las dimensiones emocional (5,54 vs 4,36 p=0,031) y familiar (9,02 vs 7,96; p=0,006). Los niños empeoraron en las dimensiones académico-laboral (6,29 vs 7,27; p=0,031) y física (4,63 vs 6,10; p=0,014). Conclusiones. Nuestros adolescentes con obesidad y sobrepeso mostraban un bajo autoconcepto emocional y físico, que mejoró con la intervención educativa Obescat únicamente en las niñas (AU)


Background. Overweight and obesity may not only have adverse physical consequences, but may also impact the adolescents’ selfesteem. Objective. To determine the self-esteem of adolescents with obesity and overweight, and to determine its association with the response to the lifestyle counseling to reduce the body mass index (BMI). Method. One-year randomized clinical trial in adolescents 10-14 years old with obesity and overweight attending pediatric primary care units of Catalonia. A lifestyle counseling to reduce BMI was performed, including an intervention group (IG) seen for six visits (months 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12) and a control group (CG) seen for two visits (months 0 and 12). Self-esteem was determined at enrollment and at the end of the intervention using the AF-5 Questionnaire. Results. One hundred seventy-four adolescents were enrolled, and 125 (71.8%) completed the study. Average age was 11.81 years (1.21) and 50% were females. BMI Z-scores decreased in both groups (p<0.001). One hundred and sixty participants (80 IG and 80 CG) completed the questionnaire at enrollment, and 100 at completion of the study (49 IG and 51 CG). The most affected dimensions were emotional and physical. Compared with the CG, girls in the IG had significantly improved emotional (5.54 vs. 4.36; p=0.031) and family (9.02 vs. 7.96; p=0.006) dimensions. By contrast, boys in the IG had significantly worse academic/work (6.29 vs. 7.27; p=0.031) and physical (4.63 vs. 6.10; p=0.014) dimensions at the end of the study. Conclusions. Our adolescents with obesity and overweight showed a low emotional and physical self-esteem. Improvements in selfesteem with the Obescat lifestyle-counseling program were seen only in girls (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Self Concept , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent/methods , Overweight/complications , Overweight/diagnosis , Overweight/psychology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/psychology , Body Mass Index , Adolescent Health Services/organization & administration , Adolescent Health Services/standards , Adolescent Health Services , Surveys and Questionnaires
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