Comparison of palm and mixtures of refined palm and soybean oils on serum lipids and fecal fat and fatty acid excretions of adult humans.

The effects of palm (P) and mixtures of palm and soybean (PS), palmolein and soybean (POS), palmstearin and soybean (PSS) oils on serum lipids and fecal fat and fatty acid excretions of humans were studied. Each oil was the dominant fat in diets consumed by ten normolipidemic live-in individuals. Test diets were assigned by randomization. All four diets had a similar influence on total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL). Fecal fat excretion was higher (1.81, 1.80 g/d) with PS and PSS and lower (1.78, 1.42 g/d) with P and POS diets. Excretions of palmitic (C16: 0), oleic (C18: 1), and linoleic (C 18: 2) acids were similar for all diets. Excretions of stearic acid (C 18: 0) were higher when feeding POS and PSS, and lower with feeding P and PS; the changes were statistically significant at p <0.05. More linolenic acid (C18: 3) was excreted when P was fed compared to the feeding of PS, POS, and PSS. Changes in linolenic acid excretion between P and POS were statistically significant at p <0.05. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in serum lipid concentrations due to feeding palm or any of the refined palm and soybean oil mixtures. However, a significant difference was found in C18: 0 excretions with feeding POS and PSS compared to when P and PS were fed. Similarly, significant C18: 3 excretion was found with feeding P compared to when POS was fed.

Palm oil and soybean oil as fry fats: sensory acceptability of a deep-fat fried Nigerian snack food.

The objective of the project was to compare the acceptability of a African snack product, chin-chin, when fried in soybean, palm, palm olein and palm stearin oils. Forty complete responses were obtained from volunteer judges who were attending an agricultural exposition sponsored by the University of Nebraska. After tasting all products, the judges gave slightly better rating scores to the palm stearin fried chin-chin than to the soybean oil fried products (p < 0.10) with the palm olein and palm oil fried products being given intermediate scores. The forced ranking evaluation gave directionally similar results but, because of smaller variation among scores, these differences were significantly different at the p < 0.05 levels. Since differences in acceptability scores were very small, these results suggest that improvement in nutritional value achieved by feeding a less saturated oil (soybean oil) may be worth the slight decline in taste/odor acceptability in comparison to a more highly saturated fry fat (palm olein oil).

Relation of intake to digestibility of diets containing soyhulls and distillers dried grains.

Fifty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used to compare the influence of intake on digestibility of three diets. All diets contained a 50:50 ratio (dry basis) of ammoniated corn silage and concentrate. The control concentrates consisted of corn, oats, and soybean meal. The two test concentrates contained either 43.8% soyhulls or 71.6% corn distillers dried grains with solubles. Each diet was fed at three intakes. Dry cows were fed one times maintenance intake, cows producing 10 to 20 kg milk daily were fed at twice maintenance, and cows producing 27 to 49 kg daily were fed ad libitum (four times maintenance). Digestibilities of DM for the control, distillers grains, and soyhull diets, respectively, were: for dry cows, 84.1, 66.6, and 78.8%; for medium producers, 76.6, 53.8, and 74.2% and for high producers, 60.5, 44.3, and 62.8%. At ad libitum intake, the DM, NDF, ADF, and CP digestibilities were lower for control than for the soyhulls diet. Discounts per unit of maintenance of 9.3, 11.2, and 6.8% were obtained for the control, distillers grains, and soyhull diets. These results confirm the generally accepted concept of energy discounts for grain-soybean meal diets, but discounts were higher than reported previously. Compared with the control diet soyhulls appears to lower, and distillers grains increase, the discount.