ABSTRACT
Stimulation of neoosteogenesis is the main mechanism of osseointegration during installation of dental implants, bone tissue recession, and alveolar process augmentation in adentia. In experiments on miniature pigs, we used the technology of two-stage splitting of the ridge of the alveolar process of the mandible in combination with a xenograft that was placed between the fragments of the split bone plate. The morphology of the reparative process and the distribution of osteogenic differentiation markers in the compact and trabecular bone of the alveolar crest were studied. Signs of reparative osteogenesis were observed in the bone regenerate that had a lamellar structure, formed osteons, and foci of woven tissue. It was found that the xenograft was replaced by newly formed trabecular bone tissue. These sites were characterized by increased expression of osteocalcin and CD44. Augmentation technology through two-stage splitting provides trophic relationship of osteoprogenitor cells and is an effective method of osteogenesis stimulation in the alveolar process.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation , Humans , Animals , Swine , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods , Osteogenesis/physiology , Bone Transplantation/methods , Alveolar Process/surgery , Osseointegration/physiology , Mandible/surgeryABSTRACT
We examined alveolar bone samples in the area of on-bone fixation of a free gingival graft performed during surgery in patients aged 37-55 years with a diagnosis of secondary partial adentia of the upper and lower jaws. Six months after fixation of the graft in the alveolar bone, foci of neoosteogenesis were found in the contact zone. They were characterized by the appearance of appositional lines, cords of basophilic osteoblasts, and growing osteons. An immunohistochemical study revealed an increase in the number of CD44+, CD29+, and osteocalcin+ cells in the layer of the outer circumferential lamellae, primary osteons, and the lining of the Haversian canals. TGF-ß1+ cells were located in the intertrabecular reticular tissue and wall of microvessels. The results indicate activation of mesenchymal stem cells in the area of localization of the graft and differentiating osteoblasts. The observed osteoinductive effect of free gingival graft is associated with its participation in reorganization in MSC and induction of morphogenetic molecules.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Process/physiology , Dental Implantation/methods , Gingiva/transplantation , Jaw, Edentulous, Partially/therapy , Osseointegration/physiology , Adult , Alveolar Bone Grafting/methods , Alveolar Process/cytology , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods , Bone Remodeling/genetics , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Female , Free Tissue Flaps/physiology , Gingiva/metabolism , Gingiva/pathology , Humans , Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics , Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism , Integrin beta1/genetics , Integrin beta1/metabolism , Jaw, Edentulous, Partially/genetics , Jaw, Edentulous, Partially/pathology , Jaw, Edentulous, Partially/physiopathology , Male , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Middle Aged , Osseointegration/genetics , Osteocalcin/genetics , Osteocalcin/metabolism , Osteogenesis/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolismABSTRACT
We studied immunolocalization of CD29, CD44, osteocalcin, and TGF-ß1 in the bone tissue of the mandible of miniature pigs with extra-bone fixation of a free gingival graft. Three months after surgery, neoosteogenesis foci with high expression of the studied markers were found in the contact area of the free gingival graft with the alveolar bone. The markers were localized in the layer of external circumferential lamellae, on the surface of concentric lamellae of the growing osteons, and in the connective tissue of the Haversian canals. TGF-ß1-immunopositive cells predominated in the connective tissue of the Haversian and Volkmann canals and in the adventitia and inner lining of the vascular wall. The established morphochemical patterns of osteogenous cells indicate significant reparative capabilities of a free gingival graft and allows considering it as an effective osteoinductive factor.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Grafting/methods , Gingiva/transplantation , Mandible/surgery , Osteogenesis/genetics , Regeneration/genetics , Transplants/physiology , Alveolar Bone Grafting/instrumentation , Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Bone Nails , Gene Expression , Gingiva/surgery , Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics , Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism , Integrin beta1/genetics , Integrin beta1/metabolism , Male , Osteocalcin/genetics , Osteocalcin/metabolism , Surgical Fixation Devices , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolismABSTRACT
Transection of the maxillary nerve initiates apoptosis of the maxillary sinus mucosa cells in rats. Significant activation of apoptosis and proapoptotic factor p53 was found in the epithelium during week 1 after nerve transection. In delayed period after injury, apoptotic cells predominated in the submucosa against the background of Bcl-2 hypoexpression.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis/physiology , Maxillary Nerve/physiopathology , Maxillary Sinus/cytology , Nasal Mucosa/injuries , Trigeminal Nerve Injuries/physiopathology , Animals , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Maxillary Nerve/injuries , Maxillary Sinus/injuries , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Rats , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolismABSTRACT
Histotopography of the maxillary sinus in the nasal compartment of the rat head was studied. Anatomical parameters of the sinus were determined, histological structure of the mucosa described, and similarity with organization of human maxillary sinus was revealed.
