ABSTRACT
The aims of the present study were to provide reference values for time to exhaustion (TTE) on a modified Balke treadmill protocol, and to perform a cross-validation of TTE as a measure of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max ), in Norwegian men and women 20-85 years of age. Reference values for TTE were derived from a national sample of 765 subjects. An additional sample of 119 subjects was included in the cross-validation (total n = 884), where prediction equations for VO2max was established. A decline in TTE was seen with increased age. Prediction of VO2max in an independent dataset (n = 319) resulted in a R2 = 0.78 and standard error of the estimate = 4.55 mL/kg/min. The observed-predicted bias was small (mean difference <1.24 mL/kg/min), whereas random error was considerable (95% limits of agreement ± 7.11-9.70 mL/kg/min) across age in both men and women. Despite limitations concerning the prediction of VO2max on an individual level, TTE from the Balke protocol is a good measure of aerobic fitness in adults across a range of settings, and could be evaluated according to the suggested reference values.
Subject(s)
Exercise Test/methods , Fatigue , Oxygen Consumption , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Norway , Physical Fitness , Reference Values , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine how different categorizations of self-reported and objectively measured physical activity (PA) reflect variations in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max ). A total of 759 individuals (366 women) with a mean age of 48.5 years (SD 14.4) wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT1M) for seven consecutive days and answered the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). VO2max was directly measured during a continuous graded exercise treadmill test until exhaustion. Men and women categorized as highly active by IPAQ had 9% and 13% higher VO2max , respectively, than those reporting a low PA level (P < 0.05). Men and women meeting the PA recommendation of 150 min/week of daily moderate intensity PA, measured by accelerometer, had 13% and 9% higher VO2max , respectively, than participants not meeting this recommendation (P < 0.01). No significant differences in average sedentary time, analyzed in total min/day and in bouts of 10 and 30 min, were found between participants with high or low cardiorespiratory fitness. However, women spent less time than men in bouts of sedentary behaviors. Self-reported PA by IPAQ and objectively measured PA by accelerometer were both useful instruments for detecting differences in VO2max .
Subject(s)
Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Exercise , Actigraphy/instrumentation , Adult , Exercise Test , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Norway , Oxygen Consumption , Self Report , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many patients with lung cancer are deconditioned with poor physical fitness. Lung resection reduces physical fitness further, impairing the patient's ability to function in daily life. METHODS: We conducted a single-blind randomised controlled trial of high-intensity endurance and strength training (60â min, three times a week, 20â weeks), starting 5-7â weeks after surgery. The control group received standard postoperative care. The primary outcome was the change in peak oxygen uptake measured directly during walking until exhaustion. Other outcomes included changes in pulmonary function, muscular strength by one-repetition maximum (1RM), total muscle mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, daily physical functioning and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: The intention-to-treat analysis of the 61 randomised patients showed that the exercise group had a greater increase in peak oxygen uptake (3.4â mL/kg/min between-group difference, p=0.002), carbon monoxide transfer factor (Tlco) (5.2% predicted, p=0.007), 1RM leg press (29.5â kg, p<0.001), chair stand (2.1 times p<0.001), stair run (4.3 steps, p=0.002) and total muscle mass (1.36â kg, p=0.012) compared with the controls. The mean±SD QoL (SF-36) physical component summary score was 51.8±5.5 and 43.3±11.3 (p=0.006), and the mental component summary score was 55.5±5.3 and 46.6±14.0 (p=0.015) in the exercise and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients recently operated for lung cancer, high-intensity endurance and strength training was well tolerated and induced clinically significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake, Tlco, muscular strength, total muscle mass, functional fitness and QoL. This study may provide a basis for exercise therapy after lung cancer surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01748981.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy/methods , Lung Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Physical Conditioning, Human/methods , Resistance Training/methods , Activities of Daily Living , Aged , Body Composition , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Exercise Test , Exercise Tolerance , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Strength , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Oxygen Consumption , Patient Compliance , Physical Fitness/physiology , Pneumonectomy , Quality of Life , Single-Blind Method , Walking/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There have been difficulties in applying spirometric tests to children of preschool age. METHODS: The feasibility of measuring lung function was examined in 652 children aged 3-6 years using dynamic spirometry with an animation programme and the guidelines approved by the European Respiratory Society. RESULTS: Data from 603 (92%) children with at least two acceptable forced expiratory manoeuvres were analysed; 408 (68%) achieved at least three acceptable manoeuvres. Children with only two acceptable manoeuvres were younger, shorter, and weighed less (p<0.001). The lower levels of lung function in this group were partly explained by body size. 63% of those with three acceptable manoeuvres had a difference of
