ABSTRACT
Background: Even though student-centered instruction leads to positive student outcomes, direct instruction methods are still prevalent. Multiple barriers prevent faculty from further adopting evidence-based student-centered practices and holistic approaches to faculty support are necessary to promote faculty change. The Collaborative for Institutionalizing Scientific Learning (CISL) is an HHMI-funded program to reform undergraduate science and mathematics education at a large Hispanic-Serving public research university. The program has established a Faculty Scholar support model to impact the number of science and mathematics faculty using evidence-based practices in their classrooms. Through this program, Scholars are selected to undertake a transformation of a course of their choice and conduct an assessment of the impact of the reform on students-while receiving multiple supports including summer salary, undergraduate Learning Assistants, professional development, course assessment and education research support, and opportunities to develop manuscripts on their course transformations. Results: CISL has supported over 40 Faculty Scholars in the transformation of both introductory and upper division biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics courses. Faculty are motivated to transform a course due to factors related to their own experiences and beliefs, their students' needs, the course structure, and/or departmental elements. Quantitative analysis of the impact of the project on student success show that, overall, students in CISL-supported courses have higher passing rates compared to students in traditional classrooms. Survey and interviews of Faculty Scholars identified that the most valuable elements of the program were the personnel support from undergraduate Learning Assistants during reform implementation and guidance from the program's Assistant Director during design, implementation and evaluation. Conclusions: The CISL program provides an example of significant effort sustained over several years to systematically improve the quality and culture of undergraduate education in a large research-intensive Hispanic Serving Institution. The program has had an overall positive impact on the professional development of Faculty Scholars and led to an increase in the number of STEM courses implementing evidence-based teaching practices, thus, taking a step towards solidifying a culture of evidence-based instructional strategies in STEM departments. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40594-022-00353-z.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: la COVID-19 es causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2. La presentación clínica varía desde pacientes asintomáticos hasta manifestaciones severas. Durante la pandemia se han realizado autopsias que han permitido reconocer los cambios en diferentes órganos, siendo el pulmón el más afectado. El objetivo del presente estudio es informar nuestra experiencia en cuanto a los hallazgos histopatológicos pulmonares, mediante el sistema de autopsia mínimamente invasiva. Metodología: se tomaron muestras a 8 pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 en la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) confirmado por PCR en el Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia, en la primera hora después de la muerte. Los tejidos fueron analizados por dos patólogos en forma independiente. Resultados: se observó en todos daño alveolar difuso (DAD) en fases exudativa, proliferativa o ambas, además de bronconeumonía y neumonitis intersticial. Discusión: el pulmón es el principal órgano afectado por el SARS-CoV-2 y el hallazgo histopatológico más frecuente es el DAD en fases exudativa y mixta. También se han descrito alteraciones en diferentes sistemas. Conclusiones: el hallazgo histopatológico pulmonar más frecuente es el DAD en diferentes estadios. Se considera que la autopsia mínimamente invasiva es de gran utilidad en escenarios donde la convencional se encuentra limitada, pues no presenta grandes restricciones y permite obtener tejidos viables.
Introduction: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic patients to severe manifestations. During the pandemic, autopsies have allowed the recognition of changes in different organs, with the lung being the main affected organ. The aim of this study is reporting our experience derived from pulmonary histopathological findings, based on the minimally invasive autopsy method. Methodology: samples were taken in the immediate postmortem (one hour) period from 8 patients who died with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia. Tissue specimens were analyzed independently by two pathologists. Results: all specimens exhibited, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in exudative or proliferative phases, or both, in addition to bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonitis. Discussion: the lung is the main organ affected by SARS-CoV-2 and the most frequent histopathologic finding is exudative phase or various phases DAD. Alterations in different systems have also been described. Conclusions: the most frequent histopathological finding is DAD in any of its phases. Minimally invasive autopsy is considered a very useful alternative when conventional autopsy cannot be performed, since it does not have major restrictions and allows collecting viable samples.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Autopsy , PandemicsABSTRACT
Los síndromes psiquiátricos culturales implican un grupo de manifestaciones sintomáticas que son identificadas como un trastorno específico en un contexto sociocultural limitado y que pueden o no corresponder a categorías diagnósticas más universales. En Latinoamérica, se han descrito los ataques de nervios, el susto y el mal de ojo como los más frecuentes, figurando en el DSM-IV, DSM-5 y en el GLADP. El presente caso describe los síntomas experimentados por una mujer de 19 años proveniente de la familia indígena Yucuna de la Amazonía colombiana, con un cuadro de ansiedad y alucinaciones que más adelante fue identificado como chundú o pusana mala, un trastorno asociado a la magia de amor hasta ahora no descrito en la literatura científica.
Culture-bound syndromes encompass certain symptoms that are identified as a specific illness in a certain cultural context and might be related or not to a more universal diagnostic category. Some of these syndromes have been described in Latin America, such as ataque de nervios, susto and mal de ojo, which are included in the DSM-IV, DSM-5 and LAGPD. This case describes the symptoms experimented by a 19-year-old indigenous woman from the Amazonian Yucuna ethnic group. Her condition was characterized by anxiety and visual hallucinations identified later as chundú or pusana mala, a culture-bound syndrome associated with love magic that has not been described in the scientific literature.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) es una enfermedad prevalente en pacientes de la tercera edad. Tiene prevalencia incrementada por aumento en la expectativa de vida, es un problema de salud pública por ser una causa importante de ceguera; por muchos años no ha tenido un tratamiento eficaz para la detención o prevención de dicha enfermedad. Los anti-VEFG (vascular endotelial factor growth) son el tratamiento de elección. El ranibizumab es un anti-VEFG aprobada por la FDA (2004) para el tratamiento de la forma húmeda de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad. Se ha demostrado en diversos estudios de ensayos clínicos fase III como ANCHOR y MARINA, la mejora y mantenimiento de la agudeza visual (AV), en nuestro estudio nosotros evaluamos los resultados de nuestro tratamiento con ranibizumab en 2 años de seguimiento. Métodos: Fueron revisadas las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento de la membrana neo vascular asociada a la DMAE, durante los años 2011-2012, consignando los datos estadísticos sexo, edad, AV pre tratamiento, AV post tratamiento, grosor macular central pre y post tratamiento, complicaciones oculares y sistémicas. Resultados: Se trataron 83 pacientes el 51,8 por ciento masculinos, mientras que el 48,2 por ciento femenino. Con una edad media de 73,36, siendo el pico de la prevalencia de la enfermedad entre los 65-85 años. La media del número de dosis fue de 4,52 por persona; La media de agudeza visual antes del tratamiento fue de 0,1923 (Snellen=20/104), y luego del pos tratamiento de 0,3429 (Snellen=20/58), 10 que representa una ganancia media de 10 letras, luego de concluido el tratamiento (p=0,00). El espesor macular tiene una media de 408,57 micras antes del tratamiento versus una media de 324,16 micras luego de instalado el tratamiento, con una variación media de 84,4 micras (p=0,00). No se reportó ninguna complicación ocular ni sistémica secundaria al uso de ranibizumab. La enfermedad...
Background: The age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a disease prevalent in patients of the third age, has prevalence a greater life expectation. Is a problem of public health for being an important cause of blindness. For many years it not had an effective treatment or prevention of the above mentioned disease. The anti- VEFG is treatment choice now. The ranibizumab is an anti-VEFG approved by the FDA (2004) for the treatment of the "wet" form of ARMD, it ~as been demonstrated in several studies of clinical tests ANCHOR and MARINA phase III, the improvement and maintenance of the visual acute (V A). In our study we evaluate the results of our treatment with ranibizumab in 2 years of follow-up. Method: We studied the clinical histories of the patients submitted to treatment of the neo vascular membrane associated with ARMD, during the years 2011-2012, recording the statistical information sex, age, VA pre treatment, V A post treatment, central retinal thickness pre and post treatment also ocular and systemic complications. Results: 83 patients treated 51, 8 per cent masculine and 48,2 per cent feminine. With a middle ages of 73, 36 being the peak of the prevalence of the disease between 65-85 years. The average of the number of dose was of 4, 52 for person; The average of VA before the treatment was of 0,1923 (Snellen=20/104), and after the pos treatment of 0,3429 (Snellen=20/58), which represents an average profit of 10 letters, after concluded the treatment (p=0,00). The central macular thickness has an average of 408,57 microns before the treatment versus an average of 324,16 microns after post treatment, with an average variation of 84,4 microns (p=0,00). There have not any ocular complications or systemic secondary to the use of ranibizumab. The most frequent systemic disease was the arterial hypertension 36,1 per cent, diabetes mellitus 9,6 per cent, others not mentioned were the obesity, chronicle renal disease (1,2 per cent), and a group of...
