[Changes in general hemostasis in patients with diabetic retinopathy]. / Izmeneniia obshchego gemostaza u bol'nykh diabeticheskoi retinopatiei.

The hemostasis system was analyzed in 106 patients with diabetes mellitus, including 86 patients with diabetic retinopathy. Parameters of coagulogram and thromboelastogram as well as platelets aggregation, stimulated by collagen, were examined in all patients. Besides, the fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma as well as the concentration of plasminogen, fibrinogen and of fibrin-degradation products were evaluated. Essential changes were detected, which correlated with an intensity of diabetic changes in the eye fundus, i.e. generalized hypercoagulation caused by a lower activity of the system antithrombin III-heparin, a higher activity of fibrinogen and activation of the fibrinolytic system. The obtained data denote an important role of impaired hemostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

[Heparin inhalations combined with intravenous laser exposure of blood in patients with diabetic retinopathy]. / Ispol'zovanie ingaliatsii geparina v sochetanii s vnutrivennym lazernym oblucheniiem krovi u bol'nykh s diabeticheskoi retinopatiei.

Heparin inhalations combined with intravenous laser exposure of the blood are effective in patients with nonproliferative, preproliferative, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical effect consisted in decrease of edema in the macular area, partial resolution of hemorrhages, a tendency to decrease in the caliber of veins, improvement of visual acuity, and extension of visual field. Immunological studies revealed immunomodulating effect of heparin inhalations and intravenous laser exposure of the blood, manifesting by decreased levels of pathological circulating immune complexes and increased concentrations of immunoglobulins, mainly IgG and IgM. Diabetic hemophthalmia is to be treated by subtenon implantation of a collagen system with injection of a prourokinase thrombolytic in combination with preoperative preparation including heparin inhalations, intravenous laser exposure of the blood, and parabulbar administration of 0.5 ml 1% emoxipin for 5 days in order to normalize immune hemostatic and redox processes and create conditions for effective action of the thrombolytic.

[Heparin inhalations and laser exposure of blood in treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma]. / Ispol'zovanie ingaliatsii geparina i lazernogo oblucheniia krovi pri lechenii bol'nykh s otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

Comparative assessment of methods aimed at amelioration of the immunohemostatic processes in patients with open-angle glaucoma suffering from chronic vascular diseases showed that the most remarkable improvement of the visual functions and decrease of the level of circulating immune complexes in the blood were attained in the patients treated by heparin inhalations combined with intravenous laser exposure of the blood as against patients treated by one of these methods alone or traditionally.

A synthetic polycation, a copolymer of 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole iodide with maleic acid diethyl ester, increases passive ionic permeability in erythrocyte membranes modified by fatty acids.

The effect of the synthetic polycation VMII-DEMA (a potential antiheparin agent) on the ion transport through erythrocyte membranes was studied using ion-selective electrodes. We found that the passive ionic permeability of erythrocyte membranes in the presence of VMII-DEMA noticeably increased after the pretreatment of erythrocytes with long-chain fatty acids. When used separately, neither polycation nor fatty acids changed the membrane permeability at the same concentrations. The efficiency of the combined action of the polycation and fatty acids correlated with the length of the fatty acid (C9-C18) and the number of double bonds in it. The fatty acids C12:0, C13:0 and C18:2 were the most efficient. We suggest that in pathologies accompanied with deteriorations in lipid metabolism, polycations used for the correction of blood coagulation may damage the erythrocyte membrane.

[The anticoagulant activity of fucoidans]. / Issledovanie antikoaguliantnoi aktivnosti fukoidanov.

The influence of the degree of fucoidan macromolecules sulfation on their ability to induce an anticoagulant effect was studied. In in vitro experiments with the basic stain and in in vivo experiments on rabbits with performance of Quick's test, APTT, and spectrophotometric determination of antithrombin III (AT-III) activity a direct dependence of the intensity and duration of the anticoagulant effect on the degree of fucoidan sulfation was shown. The degree of sulfation was increased by alkaline treatment and anion-exchange chromatography of the compound. The anticoagulant effect of the fucoidan fractions under study was realized practically without affecting AT-III activity. And this direct effect of inhibition of the coagulation factors could be immediately arrested by intravenous injection of a neutralizing dose of the heparin antagonist VIM-DEMA.

[The effect of synthetic polycation of the quarternary ammonium salts of polymetacryoil lupinin on the ionic permeability of erythrocyte membrane]. / Deistvie sinteticheskogo polikationa chetvertichnoi ammoniinoi soli polimetakriloil lupinina na ionnuiu pronitsaemost' membran éritrotsitov.

It is shown that synthetic polycation quarternary ammonium salt polymetacryloil lupinine (poly-MACL) effects on passive ion permeability of erythrocytes membranes. The amplitude of Cl-/OH- exchange decreased in the buffer with SDS-polycation complex and simultaneously with pH elevation K+ exflux increased. On the contrary, in presence of heparin co-effect of poly-MACL and SDS vanished. Thus, synthetic polycation in the complex with long-chain anion (SDS) injure the membranes and effect depends on lipophilic-hydrophilic balance of polycation-SDS complex.

[The effect of the quaternary ammonium salt of conidine oligomer-25 (QAS CO-25) on the activity of prothrombin complex factors]. / Vliianie chetvertichnoi ammoniinoi soli oligomera-25 konidina (ChAS O-25K) na aktivnost' faktorov protrombinovogo kompleksa.

Quaternary ammonium salt of oligomer-25 conidine (QAS O-25C) was used for regulation of hypocoagulation effect of Syncumar--anticoagulant of indirect type of action. The experiments were carried out on male rats. Experimental methods included thromboelastography, determination of thromboplastin time (after Quick) and determination of activity of single coagulation factors. It was shown that injection of QAS O-25C reliably do not affect blood coagulation. The combined action of QAS O-25C and Syncumar resulted in a twofold increase in the activity of factors IX and X within 24 h after the injection and in complete recovery after 48 h. After Syncumar injection per os we observed deep-hypercoagulation which was maintained even within 48 after the injection. The effect of QAS O-25C modulating the Syncular anticoagulant activity is probably connected with intensification of protein synthesis in the liver and, specifically, with an increase in the yield of active precursors of the factors of prothrombin complex.

A new approach for creating double-stranded DNA biosensors.

The principle of 'sandwich'-type biosensors based on liquid-crystalline dispersions formed from [DNA-polycation] complexes is outlined. These biosensors will find application in the determination of a range of compounds and physical factors that affect the ability of a given polycationic molecule to maintain intermolecular crosslinks between neighbouring DNA molecules. In the case of liquid-crystalline dispersions formed from [DNA-protamine] complexes, the lowest concentration of hydrolytic enzyme (trypsin) detectable was approximately 10-(14) M.

Blood coagulation changes in pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVES: A group of 50 pregnant patients were studied with regard to the time of onset of hypercoagulation, its character and mechanisms of initiation in the development of preeclampsia. METHODS: The blood coagulation characteristics, antithrombin (AT)-III and endogenous heparin levels were studied. All of the patients were designated at risk of developing preeclampsia at the time of registration at the antenatal clinic. RESULTS: Retrospective evaluation shows that endogenous heparin levels and AT-III activity decreased by nearly 50% within 15 days of the development of preeclampsia and were particularly low 1-7 days before the onset of clinical signs of preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that abnormalities in AT activity are a marker of hypercoagulation and begin more than 2 weeks before the development of clinical signs of preeclampsia.

[The blood coagulation system under overdoses of the copolymer of 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazole iodide with the diethyl ether of maleic acid demonstrating antiheparin activity]. / Issledovanie sistemy svertyvaniia krovi v usloviiakh peredozirovok sopolimera 1-vinil-3-metilimidazoliia iodida s diétilovym éfirom maleinovoi kisloty, proiavliaiushchego antigeparinovuiu aktivnost'.

The effects of the active heparin antagonist--1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide-maleic acid diethyl ether copolymer--on the blood coagulative system were investigated. The effect of polycation was shown to appear only when the therapeutical dose was significantly increased and to manifest itself in the development of hypocoagulation. Hypocoagulative changes occurred only by inhibiting the activity of clotting factors V and VIII. Also, there was a moderate reduction in platelet counts.

Investigation of long-term hypocoagulability in rats after intratracheal administration of unfractionated heparin.

The comparative study of intratracheal and intravenous administration of heparin on blood coagulation and mast cell population was carried out in experiments in rats. Unlike the intravenous injection of heparin which induces fast short-time inactivation of all clotting factors, single intratracheal injection of heparin inactivated the intrinsic pathway of thrombin generation. Long-term hypocoagulability after intratracheal administration of heparin was related to the accumulation of heparin in mast cell.