Early experience with high thoracic epidural anesthesia in outpatient submuscular breast augmentation.

High thoracic epidural anesthesia was administered by anesthetists in 20 patients undergoing submuscular breast augmentation. An average of 12 ml of 2% lidocaine was instilled after sedation with midazolam, 2-6 mg. The augmentation procedure averaged 90 minutes. In 3 patients, the block developed more rapidly on one side than the other, but soon became symmetrical in all; additional subcutaneous infiltration of lidocaine was necessary in 1 patient because of infraclavicular pain; ephedrine, 10 mg was needed in 2 patients to treat hypotension (greater than 20% decrease in blood pressure). Three patients felt infraclavicular pressure; 1 had a brief sensation of breathlessness; 3 had nasal stuffiness from Horner's syndrome associated with the block; none developed headache, back pain, or paresthesias; and 3 had postoperative nausea. The average time from the end of the procedure to patient discharge was 96 minutes. In this limited series, high thoracic epidural anesthesia for submuscular breast augmentation was extremely satisfactory.

The development of digestive capacity in young pigs: effects of weaning regimen and dietary treatment.

In Exp. 1, 24 crossbred pigs were weaned at 21 d of age to either a 24% milk protein diet or a 24% soy protein diet, both of which were fed hourly in liquid form. In Exp. 2, 45 crossbred pigs were weaned at 21 d of age to either a 24% milk protein diet fed hourly in liquid form, the same diet fed ad libitum in dry form or a 24% protein, corn-soybean meal diet fed ad libitum in dry form. Pigs were killed at 7 or 14 d postweaning in Exp. 1 and 7, 14 or 21 d postweaning in Exp. 2. In both experiments, pigs fed milk based diets had faster weight gains and more efficient feed conversion ratios than pigs fed diets containing soy protein. All data are expressed as units per kilogram body weight. Pigs fed a soy protein diet tended to have a greater intestinal length than pigs fed milk protein diets. Growth of the pancreas in relation to body weight was greater in pigs fed diets containing soy protein than in pigs fed milk protein. Pigs fed a soy protein diet tended to have greater trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the intestinal contents and lower activities in the pancreas than did pigs fed milk-based diets. These results suggest that soy-containing diets caused a greater secretion of trypsin ad chymotrypsin into the intestine than did milk-containing diets.