ABSTRACT
AIM: To experimentally define the optimum modes ofoperation ofthe nonspecific detector IBAC integrated with C100 sampler and BioCapture sampler in model experiments during the work in various environmental conditions and at dispersion of the biological aerosol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nonspecific detector IBAC with the C100 sampler and the BioCapture sampler were used for air-monitoring test on existence of pathogenic biological agents (PBA). For preparation of the bioaerosols the strain of Salmonella typhimurium 9640 and a bull seralbumin were used. RESULTS: It is experimentally established that programming of IBAC on turning on the bioalarm system when maintaining concentration of bioaerosol in air above threshold level during 10 sec. is optimum. Its sensitivity makes 1x10³ m.c./ml of aerosol at this mode. The possibility of operation of air-monitoring instrumentation in various environmental conditions inside and outside is shown. CONCLUSION: As a result of the experi- ment the effectiveness of usage of the nonspecific detector IBAC with the C100 sampler and BioCapture sampler for air-monitoring on existence of PBA is proved. IBAC with C100 can be used as an inventory ofthe station ofair-monitoring during the public events, and BioCapture is suitable for equipment of the groups of epidemiological investigation.
Subject(s)
Air Microbiology , Environmental Monitoring , Salmonella typhimurium , Aerosols , Air Pollution , Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation , Environmental Monitoring/methodsABSTRACT
Comparative analysis of the MLVA25- and MLVA7-typing ability to evaluate focal belonging of Y. pestis strains by the example of bv. medievalis isolates from the Central-Caucasian highland natural plague focus was carried out. The MLVA25-types of-82 isolates from this area were determined and included into the database containing information on 949 Y. pestis strains from other natural foci of Russia and other countries. Categorical-UPGMA dendrograms were created on the bases of the data concerning all 25 VNTR loci or only seven of them, which were recommended by the experts of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute "Microbe" for differentiation of the Y. pestis strains according to their affiliation to specific foci. The obtained data indicated greater possibility of diagnostic mistakes in the case of the MLVA7-typing and supported expediency of division of the Central-Caucasian highland natural plague focus into two sub-foci.
Subject(s)
Databases, Nucleic Acid , Genetic Loci , Genotype , Minisatellite Repeats , Yersinia pestis/genetics , Russia , Yersinia pestis/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Problematic issues on creation and practical introduction of specific immune biologic prepa- rations for therapy and prophylaxis of natural-foci arbovirus infections - West Nile fever (WNF) and Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF), that are not available until now, are examined. Persistent natural foci of WNF and.CHF with epidemic manifestations have formed in Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts of Russia. Markers of West Nile virus are being detected in central regions of Russia and Siberia, and the presence of fraction of population immune to this infection is also detected. Analysis, of literature sources that has been carried out forms a theoretical basis for creation ofnovel specific preparations for etiotropic, therapy and prophylaxis ofWNF and CHE. Use of blood from healthy donors with sufficiently high titers of class G immunoglobulins residing in certain subjects of Russian Federation in natural foci territories with the most intensive epidemic process is possible as raw material.
Subject(s)
Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Immunotherapy/methods , West Nile Fever , Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/immunology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/therapy , Humans , Russia/epidemiology , West Nile Fever/epidemiology , West Nile Fever/immunology , West Nile Fever/therapyABSTRACT
In the paper there are presented the basic principles of the organization of activities for the assurance ofthe sanitary- epidemiological welfare in the period ofpreparation and hosting of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the Resort City of Sochi. There are considered features of the organization ofepidemiological surveillance in the pre-Olympic period, the period of the games and the state of the morbidity rate in the region after the Olympics. There are presented data on certain directions of the work of organs and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the disease control of the event.
Subject(s)
Epidemiology/organization & administration , Health Resorts , Infection Control/organization & administration , Sanitation/methods , Seasons , Sports , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
This paper considers the experience of genotyping and sequencing technologies in laboratories of specialized anti-epidemic team (SAET) during the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi. The work carried out during the pre-Olympic period on performance of readiness by SAET for these studies is analyzed. The results of genotyping strains of pathogens during the Olympic Games are presented. A conclusion about the effectiveness of the use of molecular genetic techniques in terms of SAET is made.
Subject(s)
Civil Defense/organization & administration , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Environmental Health/organization & administration , Epidemiological Monitoring , Molecular Typing/methods , Public Health Surveillance/methods , Bioterrorism/prevention & control , Environmental Health/methods , Humans , Mass Behavior , Russia , SportsABSTRACT
To improve the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance at the Olympic Games has developed a system of GIS for monitoring objects and situations in the region of Sochi. The system is based on software package ArcGIS, version 10.2 server, with Web-java.lang. Object, Web-server Apach, and software developed in language java. During th execution of the tasks are solved: the stratification of the region of the Olympic Games for the private and aggregate epidemiological risk OCI various eti- ologies, ranking epidemiologically important facilities for the sanitary and hygienic conditions, monitoring of infectious diseases (in real time according to the preliminary diagnosis). GIS monitoring has shown its effectiveness: Information received from various sources, but focused on one portal. Information was available in real time all the specialists involved in ensuring epidemiological well-being and use at work during the Olympic Games in Sochi.
Subject(s)
Environmental Health/organization & administration , Epidemiological Monitoring , Medical Informatics/organization & administration , Public Health Surveillance/methods , Software , Computer Security , Environmental Health/methods , Geographic Information Systems , Humans , Mass Behavior , Russia , SportsABSTRACT
Contemporary experience of organization of atmospheric air monitoring for the presence of pathogenic biological agents (PBA) is generalized in the article. Proposals for the use of posts of atmospheric air control during mass events are presented. Issues of equipping the instrument base for air sampling and PBA detection are examined.
Subject(s)
Air Microbiology , Biological Warfare Agents , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Epidemiological Monitoring , HumansABSTRACT
Operation experience of specialized anti-epidemic brigades (SAEB) for the support of sanitary-epidemiologic welfare during various emergencies is presented. The order of functioning and SAEB objectives during mass events is examined. Analysis of exercise of Stavropol Institute of Plague Control SAEB was carried out, proposals for augmentation of SAEB equipment table by instruments and reagents for indication and genotyping of pathogen strains are examined.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Communicable Disease Control/standards , Communicable Diseases , Communicable Disease Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
57 Y pestis bv. caucasica strains were assayed using molecular typing. The results of these assays indicated the presence within this biovar of the three separate clonal clusters and necessity of detachment of the Leninakan mountain mesofocus (subfocus) from the structure of Transcaucasian-highland focus into self-supporting one, as well as inclusion of a part of the Pre-Araks low-mountain natural plague focus in the capacity of the subfocus along with Pre-Sevan mountain and Zanzegur-Karabakh mountain subfoci into the structure of Transcaucasian-highland focus. It was shown that the strains circulating in the East-Caucasian highland plague focus were the most ancient branch of bv. caucasica or even of the entire Y pestis phylogenetic tree.
