ABSTRACT
The results of the comparative study of the immunological effectiveness of experimental samples of respiratory syncytial (RS) viral vaccine, prepared from a live attenuated strain and introduced in a single administration to young adults by the intranasal, intradermal and combined intranasal-intradermal) routes, are presented. The effectiveness of intranasal immunization was inversely related to the level of previously existing humoral (serum, secretory) antibodies. Intradermal immunization enhanced the frequency of the formation of serum antibodies in persons having had such antibodies before the introduction of RS vaccine. The most active formation of serum and secretory antibodies was ensured by the combined (intranasal-intradermal) method of the administration of live RS vaccine which proved to be particularly effective in persons having had antibodies in the blood and secretions prior to immunization.
Subject(s)
Immunization/methods , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology , Respirovirus Infections/prevention & control , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Administration, Intranasal , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antibody Specificity/immunology , Humans , Injections, Jet , Respirovirus Infections/immunology , Time Factors , Viral Vaccines/immunologyABSTRACT
In 9 controlled epidemiological observations (1977-1984) the effectiveness of modern Soviet whole-virion vaccines was studied in organized groups of adults and at industrial enterprises. During the epidemic outbreaks of influenza of different etiology and intensity morbidity rate in influenza and acute respiratory diseases was shown to decrease 1.1-2.2 times among the vaccinees, depending on the correspondence of epidemic and vaccine influenza strains. The absence of influenza virus B in inactivated influenza vaccines was the reason for their low effectiveness during influenza outbreaks of mixed etiology B + A (H1N1).
Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Adult , Disease Outbreaks/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza B virus/immunology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , USSR , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunologyABSTRACT
The complex protection of population against influenza includes: 1. annual mass vaccinoprophylaxis among unvaccinated people; 2. urgent influenza prophylaxis among unvaccinated people; 3. early treatment of influenza. Realization of this system in 1980-1984 in some cities of the USSR resulted in reduction of epidemic influenza morbidity by 20-65%, decrease of annual average influenza and acute respiratory morbidity by 15-20% of the level awaited, i.e. by 200,000 to 300,000 cases per million of citizens. However incomplete accordance of influenza vaccines composition with epidemiological situation, insufficiently wide usage of vaccines and other preparations has not allowed to prevent influenza epidemics in other cities.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Humans , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/immunology , USSR , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunologyABSTRACT
A significant increase in immunological effectiveness of simultaneous immunization with a killed and live influenza vaccine as compared with separate use of these preparations has been demonstrated. The simultaneous immunization better protected the upper respiratory tracts of the vaccinated volunteers, inhibiting reproduction of the challenge influenza virus with residual virulence. A live vaccine from the "old" influenza A/6/50 (H1N1) was found to produce a protective effect on the current influenza A/1977 (H1N1) virus with residual virulence.
