[Problems of Determination of Degree of Disability After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery].

The review contains data on rates of permanent loss of working ability (disability) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Russia and in European populations of patients with ischemic heart disease. According to domestic studies determination of disability status is not based on assessment of objective characteristics of functional reserve of cardiovascular system. Most patients after surgery retain disability status. CABG is not a rehabilitating factor but on the contrary results in increase of number of officially disabled people.

[Survival of Overweight Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Does the "Obesity Paradox" Play a Role?].

UNLABELLED: Although excessive body mass and obesity are considered risk factors of a number of diseases and conditions numerous results of studies evidence for the existence of the "obesity paradox"--higher long-term survival of overweight and obese patients. Aim of this study was to elucidate impact of body mass index (BMI) on postoperative mortality and long-term survival of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on the basis of register of patients with ischemic heart disease who had undergone CABG with or without correction of valvular defects and/or resection of left ventricular (LV) aneurism during the period from 2000 to 2009 in the Chelyabinsk Interregional Cardiosurgical Center. Duration of follow-up was 1 to 10 years (mean--2.3 ± 2.4 years). The patients were divided into groups in dependence on BMI. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of association of BMI and hospital mortality was carried out with adjustment for age, sex, arterial pressure, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LV aneurism, LV ejection fraction, and character of involvement of vessels. Long term survival was studied using Cox's regression model. RESULTS: Compared with group of patients with normal BMI DM and arterial hypertension were more often registered among patients with excessive body mass and obesity. Elevated body mass was not an independent factor of risk of postoperative and lower long-term survival. There was a tendency to lower survival among patients with BMI > 35 rg/m2. CONCLUSION: Results of this study evidence for the absence of proof of negative impact of excessive BMI on hospital mortality and long term survival.

[Survival of Overweight Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Does the Obesity Paradox Play a Role?]

Although excessive body mass and obesity are considered risk factors of a number of diseases and conditions numerous results of studies evidence for the existence of the "obesity paradox" - higher long-term survival of overweight and obese patients. Aim of this study was to elucidate impact of body mass index (BMI) on postoperative mortality and long-term survival of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on the basis of register of patients with ischemic heart disease who had undergone CABG with or without correction of valvular defects and/or resection of left ventricular (LV) aneurism during the period from 2000 to 2009 in the Chelyabinsk Interregional Cardiosurgical Center. Duration of follow-up was 1 to 10 years (mean - 2.3+/-2.4 years). The patients were divided into groups in dependence on BMI. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of association of BMI and hospital mortality was carried out with adjustment for age, sex, arterial pressure, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LV aneurism, LV ejection fraction, and character of involvement of vessels. Long term survival was studied using Coxs regression model. RESULTS: Compared with group of patients with normal BMI DM and arterial hypertension were more often registered among patients with excessive body mass and obesity. Elevated body mass was not an independent factor of risk of postoperative and lower long-term survival. There was a tendency to lower survival among patients with BMI >35 rg/m2. CONCLUSION: Results of this study evidence for the absence of proof of negative impact of excessive BMI on hospital mortality and long term survival.

Daclizumab reduces CD25 levels on T cells through monocyte-mediated trogocytosis.

Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that prevents interleukin-2 (IL-2) binding to CD25, blocking IL-2 signaling by cells that require high-affinity IL-2 receptors to mediate IL-2 signaling. The phase 2a CHOICE study evaluating daclizumab as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) included longitudinal analysis of activated T cell counts. Whereas an exposure-dependent relationship was observed between daclizumab and reductions in HLA-DR(+)-activated T cells, a similar relationship was not observed for reductions in CD25 levels. The objective of this report is to determine the mechanism by which daclizumab reduces CD25 levels on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using cytometric techniques. Daclizumab reduced T cell CD25 levels through a mechanism that required the daclizumab-Fc domain interaction with Fc receptors (FcR) on monocytes, but not on natural killer (NK) cells, and was unrelated to internalization or cell killing. Activated CD4(+) T cells and FoxP3(+) Treg cells showed evidence of trogocytosis of the CD25 antigen in the presence of monocytes. A daclizumab variant that retained affinity for CD25 but lacked FcR binding did not induce trogocytosis and was significantly less potent as an inhibitor of IL-2-induced proliferation of PBMCs. In conclusion, Daclizumab-induced monocyte-mediated trogocytosis of CD25 from T cells appears to be an additional mechanism contributing to daclizumab inhibition of IL-2 signaling.

[Survival and working ability in men after coronary bypass surgery (analysis of registry data)].

This retrospective study was focused on the survival and working ability in 2169 men (mean age 54.5 +/- 5.8 yr) included in the registry after they underwent coronary bypass surgery in 2000-2009. Three, five and ten-year survival rates were 91, 87 and 74% respectively. Independent factors influencing long-term survival were correction of valve defects (OR 3, 1, 95%, CI 1.9-4.8; p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (OR 2, 9, 95% CI 2.1-3.8; p < 0.001). 34.2 and 60.2% of the patients were disabled before and after surgery respectively. This rise is attributed to the poorly developed system of postoperative rehabilitation. Occupational status was not an independent factor affecting long-term survival.

Preferential cytotoxicity on tumor cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester isolated from propolis.

The honeybee hive product, propolis, is a folk medicine employed for treating various ailments. Many important pharmaceutical properties have been ascribed to propolis, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunostimulatory and carcinostatic activities. Propolis extracts have provided an active component identified as caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which was readily prepared in one step. Differential cytotoxicity has been observed in normal rat/human versus transformed rat/human melanoma and breast carcinoma cell lines in the presence of CAPE.