Analysis of 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate Transporters: Transporter Activity Assay, Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Immunohistochemistry.

3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporters (PAPSTs) play an important role in transporting 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the universal sulfuryl donor for sulfation, from the cytosol into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. Here, we describe three methods for the analysis of PAPST; a transporter activity assay with yeast or mammalian cell fraction, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on tissue samples, and immunohistochemistry on brain sections.