[Injuries in field hockey]. / Verletzungen beim Feldhockey.

Frequency and mechanisms of injuries in field hockey are evaluated in a retrospective study of 322 players. Each athlete sustains 0.6 (female) respectively 1.0 (male) injuries per season on the average, mostly minor lesions. Severe injuries are mostly due to the playing surface; especially astroturf seems to be dangerous. The risk during match exceeds the risk during practice by a factor of 10.36% are typical field hockey injuries as they are caused by ball or stick. 62% of the lesions are related to the lower limb, 19% to the upper limb (mainly hand and fingers), and 19% to head and trunk. The data allow to draw conclusions concerning preventive measures.

[Joint loose bodies in both upper ankle joints in neural muscular atrophy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann type (hereditary motor sensory neuropathy I)]. / Freie Gelenkkörper beider oberen Sprunggelenke bei neuraler Muskelatrophie vom Typ Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann (Hereditäre motorisch-sensorische Neuropathie I).

A case is reported in which a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann disease (HMSN I) complained about bilateral ankle pain, stiffness and swelling. Radiologically multiple loose bodies in both ankle joints were detectable. The etiology of loose bodies or secondary chondromatosis is still unclear. Different reasons are discussed. Regarding the case reported on here we discuss possible etiological connections and pathophysiological pathways that may explain influence of Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann disease (hereditary motor sensory neuropathy I) on the development of loose bodies at both ankle joints.

[Synovial giant cell tumor or nodular circumscribed form of pigmented villonodular synovitis?]. / Synovialer Riesenzelltumor oder Die noduläre, circumscripte Form der pigmentierten, villonodulären Synovitis?

In two case reports we demonstrate symptoms, clinical findings and treatment of patients with a benign synovial giant cell tumor of the knee and ankle joint. This tumor impresses like a localized pigmented villonodular synovitis but compared to this benign synovial giant cell tumors are rare in synovial joints and more often localized at the synovial tendon sheaths of fingers. Symptoms and clinical findings often mimic meniscal lesions. One of the most important finding is a hemorrhagic joint effusion without previous trauma. There are no typical findings in diagnostic imaging procedures and it seems that the most important fact is that the clinician is aware of this type of synovial tumor. Early resection of the tumor within wide margins is the treatment of choice. Postoperative radiotherapy is not to recommend.

[Diagnosis and clinical aspects of Yersinia arthritis]. / Diagnostik und Klinik der Yersinien-Arthritis.

Clinical and serological criteria of Yersinia arthritis are presented by a review of the literature and case studies. Characteristic findings are preceding abdominal symptoms followed by oligoarthritis of the lower extremities. 80% of patients are HLA-B 27 positive, rheumatoid factors are negative. Detection of Yersinia in stool cultures is a rare proof. The most important serological indicator is IgA for identification of Yersinia antibodies. Yersinia arthritis will resolve without sequelae under symptomatic and antibiotic (chemotherapeutic) medication within 6 months.

[Os trigonum syndrome]. / Das Os-trigonum-Syndrom.

The os trigonum is one of the most frequent accessory bones of the foot. It is located dorsal of the talus. Os trigonum syndrome means a typical pain syndrome localized in the back-foot caused by this ossicle. This syndrome occurs mostly in man with sports activities accompanied with intensive stress to different parts of the foot. It can be caused particularly by standing on the toe in the "en-pointe-position" in ballet dancers when the flexor hallucis tendon is under maximal tension or by activities accompanied with maximal plan-tarflexion in soccer players for instance. Typical complaints, findings and different therapeutic procedures are demonstrated in two cases. Therapy includes different non-operative methods. Resistance to non-operative procedures is indication for operative therapy. Excision of this ossicle is surgical therapy of first choice.

[Etiology, diagnosis and therapy of tarsal tunnel syndrome--results of a retrospective study]. / Atiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie des Tarsaltunnelsyndroms--Ergebnisse einer Retrospektivuntersuchung.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a rare entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve. The compression of the nerve behind the medial ankle should be distinguished from that of the more distal compression syndrome of the plantar nerves, because of different anatomic conditions and pathogenesis. The patient's history is of special diagnostic value. The most impressive clinical finding is tenderness of the nerve. Neurological deficits must be searched for. Decompression by cutting the flexor retinaculum and neurolysis is advised. 77% of the 30 patients having undergone this operation were satisfied with the results.

[Indoor hockey: injuries and prevention]. / Hallenhockey: Verletzungen und Prävention.

Frequency and mechanisms of injuries in women's indoor-hockey are evaluated in a retrospective study of 89 players. Each athlete sustains 1.1 injury per season on the average. The goalkeeper's risk is about three times as high as that of the outfield players. The risk during match exceeds the risk during practice by a factor of 20. The most common site of injury is the lower limb (55%), 39% are related to the upper limb, 5% to head and trunk. Half of the lesions are caused by ball and stick, they involve especially hands and fingers. The facts allow to draw conclusions concerning preventive measures. The players must be protected by better equipment, special exercises and further development of the rules.