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J Chem Ecol ; 32(8): 1849-53, 2006 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16758337

ABSTRACT

Using automated solid-phase dynamic extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, our search for urinary chemical signals from ovulatory female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) has revealed the bark beetle aggregation pheromones frontalin, exo-brevicomin, and endo-brevicomin, as well as their precursors and the aphid alarm pheromones (E,E)-alpha-farnesene and (E)-beta-farnesene. Enantiomeric ratios for brevicomins have been determined. Prior discovery of common insect/elephant pheromones in Asian elephants, namely, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and frontalin, suggests that the present findings may yield valuable insights into chemical communication among African elephants.


Subject(s)
Elephants/urine , Pheromones/urine , Animals , Aphids/chemistry , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/urine , Coleoptera/chemistry , Female , Sesquiterpenes/urine
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