[Laser corepraxy in mesodermal iris dysgenesis (Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome) (case report)]. / Lazernaya korepraksiya pri mezodermal'nom disgeneze raduzhki (sindrom Aksenfel'da‒Rigera) (klinicheskoe nablyudenie).

The article describes a case of 7-year-old child with rare Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of combined laser reconstructive surgeries - a non-invasive alternative to ordinary operations without needing anesthesia. The diversity of ophthalmic pathologies in this syndrome is the reason why the target, indications and optimal time for operation should be chosen individually. It is reasonable to suggest widening the indication spectrum for laser reconstructive surgery with consideration of surgeon experience and availability of high-tech equipment.

[Long-term functional outcomes after congenital cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in children of the first year of life]. / Otdalennye funktsional'nye rezul'taty posle ekstraktsii vrozhdennoi katarakty s implantatsiei intraokulyarnykh linz detyam pervogo goda zhizni.

PURPOSE: To study best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and identify its relationship with various factors in eyes with pseudophakia in long-term periods after removal of congenital cataract (CC) in the first year of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 54 children (72 eyes) aged 4 to 12 years who had undergone CC removal with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at the age of 2-11 months. Examination included: visual acuity testing, Flicker ERG 30 Hz electroretinography (MBN, Russia), optical coherence tomography (HRT-OCT) on the Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) platform. RESULTS: The best results were obtained after removal of bilateral congenital cataract (BCC): BCVA in 58.0% of cases was 0.15-0.3, and in 12.0% of cases - 0.4-0.8. BCVA was 0.1 or less in 95.5% of cases and only one child had 0.2 after removal of unilateral congenital cataract (UCC). The best BCVA was achieved in children operated on the 2-5 month of age (BCVA more than 0.3 in 68.7%; only children from that group had 0.5-0.8), without any concomitant pathology and with normal indicators of ERG Flicker 30 Hz. Deviations from physiological formation of the macula were revealed using OCT. The direct relationship was shown between BCVA, and the maximal retinal thickness in parafovea and choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area. CONCLUSION: BCVA significantly varies after CC removal with IOL implantation in infancy: 0.02-0.8. The main factors influencing BCVA in that case are: laterality of cataract, child age at the time of operation, duration of visual deprivation, concomitant eye pathology and refractive amblyopia accompanying incomplete correction of aphakia.

[Refraction in pseudophakic eyes after surgical treatment of congenital cataracts]. / Refraktsiia pri artifakii posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniia vrozhdennykh katarakt.

The optimal method of correcting aphakia in infants with congenital cataract (CC) is intraocular correction. Considering the growth of the eyes, most authors implant an IOL with lower dioptric power to try to anticipate the refractive indices after the growth, which in some cases do not match the prediction. PURPOSE: To evaluate the achieved refraction and its relation to the anterior-posterior axis of pseudophakic eyes after extraction of CC in children of up to one year of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 115 children (159 eyes) examined 1 to 11 years after the extraction of bilateral or unilateral CC at the age of 2-11 months. Optical power of the implanted IOL had been calculated using SRKII formula for hypercorrection to result in emmetropic or weak myopic refraction by the time the eye growth finishes. The subjects underwent autorefractometry on Retinomax K-Plus 3 device and ultrasonic biometry on Humphrey 835 A/B-scan system. RESULTS: The incidence of unplanned refraction in children aged 1 to 3 years was 61.2%, aged 3 years to 5 years 11 months - 24.4%, and in children of 6-11 years - 50.0%; it was associated with pronounced unplanned eye growth in 48.6% of cases with bilateral CC and in 27.3% of cases with unilateral CC. CONCLUSION: The main cause of unplanned refraction in pseudophakic eyes in children with CC is unpredictable increase of the length of anterior-posterior axis after surgery.

[Laser treatment of giant iris cyst in the anterior chamber in a child (a clinical observation)]. / Lazernoe lechenie gigantskoi kisty raduzhki i perednei kamery u rebenka (klinicheskoe nabliudenie).

The article describes a clinical case of a giant post-traumatic iris cyst occupying the anterior chamber in a 3-year-old child successfully treated with laser methods (YAG-laser and diode-pumped laser with doubled frequency). Cyst scarring was achieved with preservation of visual acuity of 1.0. The follow-up period lasted 10 years. The question of indications for laser methods of eliminating cysts of the anterior segment of the eye in children remains debatable. The huge size is traditionally considered a contraindication for laser treatment of the cyst; it leads to death of the organ more often, especially after radical surgical removal of the cyst. The described case confirms the feasibility of non-invasive laser treatment efforts even if the cyst is huge in size.