Cysticercosis: first 12 months of reporting in California.

Cysticercosis, a sometimes fatal ailment caused by larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, became a reportable disease in California in 1989. During the first year, from 1 April 1989 through 31 March 1990, 134 cases were reported to the California Department of Health Services. All of the 112 patients for whom laboratory diagnostic test data were obtained had neurocysticercosis. Nearly all (117) of the 127 patients whose race and ethnic background were known had a Hispanic background, and most of the 112 patients whose country of birth or prior residence was known had immigrated from T. solium-endemic countries. However, three of 11 patients born in the United States said they had never traveled outside the country, and it appears possible that indigenous transmission has been occurring. These findings affirm that neurocysticercosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurologic symptoms in patients who have immigrated from or traveled to T. solium-endemic countries, and also in those who have been in close contact with immigrants from endemic countries.

Disruption of estrous behavior in ewes by dexamethasone or management-related stress.

The effect of dexamethasone administration, isolation stress, or transportation stress on the ability of exogenous estradiol to induce estrus in progesterone-primed, ovariectomized ewes was evaluated in this study. Dexamethasone administered twice daily over a 6-d period, or a single injection at either 2 h before estradiol administration or 8 h after estradiol treatment, delayed or blocked the expression of estrous behavior. In those animals in which dexamethasone did not block the onset of estrus, the average length of estrus was reduced. Isolation stress, which induced significant increases in the plasma concentration of corticosteroids, failed to significantly alter the number of ewes expressing estrous behavior, although the expression of estrus was blocked in three of the nine treated animals. These nine animals all expressed estrus during the nonstress phase. In contrast to isolation stress, 8 h of transportation not only increased the average plasma concentration of corticosteroids, but also significantly (P less than .05) blocked the expression of estrus in five of eight ewes and delayed the expression of estrus in one other. During the nonstressed control phase, all eight expressed estrus. These findings indicate that management-related stress can block estrogen from inducing estrous behavior, however, the role of the adrenal axis response to stress in blocking estrus remains to be clarified.