ABSTRACT
Resistance to fenbendazole, ivermectin, and moxidectin was explored by a fecal egg count reduction test in four meat sheep flocks in southwestern France where anthelmintic resistance was suspected. The FECR test results of the present study confirmed the presence of benzimidazole resistance in three out of the four farms and the presence of ivermectin resistance in one flock. In addition, a suspicion of moxidectin resistance was shown in this latter farm. Both conventional morphological and molecular identifications were performed on larval cultures before and after the treatment in the studied farms. A high positive correlation was found between the number of larvae counted under binocular microscope and the number of larvae estimated by the qPCR analysis (R 2 = 0.88) and a high Cohen's Kappa value (0.91) in the detection of strongylid larvae in larval cultures. According to qPCR results, Trichostrongylus species demonstrated high levels of BZ resistance and Teladorsagia circumcincta was involved in the IVM resistance in one farm. The molecular procedures used in this study have the potential to be beneficial for anthelmintic resistance surveillance in sheep industry.
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics/pharmacology , Drug Resistance , Nematoda/drug effects , Nematoda/isolation & purification , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sheep Diseases/parasitology , Animals , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Farms , Feces/parasitology , Fenbendazole/pharmacology , France , Ivermectin/pharmacology , Larva/classification , Larva/drug effects , Larva/genetics , Larva/physiology , Macrolides/pharmacology , Nematoda/classification , Nematoda/genetics , Nematode Infections/diagnosis , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Sheep, DomesticABSTRACT
The influence of desaminoocta-pancreozymin (DAO-PZ) was investigated in high and low activity periods by intraperitoneal or intranasal application. DAO-PZ is a CCK-8 derivative in which the N-terminal amino acid (Asp) is exchanged for succinyl acid. A decreasing long lasting effect for 3 to 4 h was always observed in locomotor activity. A food reduction was also proved after i. p. and intranasal application. The effects correspond to those of CCK-8 reported in the literature. They are discussed in this respect.
Subject(s)
Motor Activity/drug effects , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Sincalide/pharmacology , Animals , Eating/drug effects , Male , Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sincalide/administration & dosage , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Injection of purified ATA as well as of ATA-containing crude sonic extracts of gram-negative bacteria into rabbits or mice causes rapid occurrence of anti-ATA antibodies. Thus, the retarded occurrence of anti-ATA antibodies after immunization with living bacteria can be explained by the rather deep localization of ATA in the cell wall.
