Correction: What Do Parents Expect in the 21st Century? A Qualitative Analysis of Integrated Youth Care.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5419.].

What Do Parents Expect in the 21st Century? A Qualitative Analysis of Integrated Youth Care.

INTRODUCTION: To provide integrated Youth Care responsive to the needs of families with multiple problems across life domains, it is essential to incorporate parental perspectives into clinical practice. The aim of this study is to advance our understanding of key components of integrated Youth Care from a parental perspective. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were administered to 21 parents of children receiving Youth Care from integrated care teams in the Netherlands. Qualitative content analysis was conducted by means of a grounded theory approach following qualitative reporting guidelines. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Parental perspectives were clustered into six key components: a holistic, family-centred approach; addressing a broad range of needs in a timely manner; shared decision making; interprofessional collaboration; referral; and privacy. Parents emphasized the importance of a tailored, family-centred approach, addressing needs across several life domains, and active participation in their own care process. However, they simultaneously had somewhat opposing expectations regarding these key components, for example, concerning the changing roles of professionals and parents in shared decision making and the value of involving family members in a care process. Professionals should be aware of these opposing expectations by explicitly discussing mutual expectations and changing roles in decision making during a care process. To enable parents to make their own decisions, professionals should transparently propose different options for support guided by an up-to-date care plan.

The influence of perceived parenting styles on socio-emotional development from pre-puberty into puberty.

The relative impact of parenting on socio-emotional development of children has rarely been examined in a longitudinal context. This study examined the association between perceived parenting styles and socio-emotional functioning from childhood to adolescence. We hypothesized that optimal parenting associated with improvement in socio-emotional functioning from childhood into early adulthood, especially for those with more behavioral problems in childhood. Children between ages 7 and 9 years were recruited for the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM). Nine years later, 700 out of 1052 subjects were followed up (67%). During childhood, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), while young adults completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Perceived optimal parental care resulted in less internalizing and externalizing problems in early adulthood in comparison to non-optimal parental care styles. Perceived optimal paternal parenting, but not maternal parenting, in interaction with childhood externalizing problems predicted externalizing symptoms in early adulthood. No significant interactions were found between perceived parenting styles and internalizing problems. In conclusion, perceived parental care associates with the quality of socio-emotional development, while optimal parenting by the father is especially important for children with more externalizing problems in childhood.

Changes in face-specific neural processing explain reduced cuteness and approachability of infants with cleft lip.

The current study investigated whether changes in the neural processing of faces of infants with a facial abnormality - a cleft lip - mediate effects of the cleft lip on judgments of infant cuteness and approachability. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to pictures of faces of healthy infants and infants with a cleft lip, and ratings of cuteness and approachability of these infant faces, were obtained from 30 females. Infants with a cleft lip were rated as less attractive (less cute and approachable) than healthy infants, and both the N170 and P2 components of the ERP were of reduced amplitude in response to pictures of infants with a cleft lip. Importantly, decreased configural processing of infant faces with a cleft lip, as evidenced by reduced N170 amplitudes, mediated the reduced attractiveness ratings for infants with a cleft lip compared to healthy infants. Our findings help elucidate the mechanisms behind the less favorable responses to infants with a cleft lip, highlighting the role of face-specific rather than domain-general neural processes.