ABSTRACT
Clobetasone butyrate has been formulated as a new steroid preparation of use in ophthalmology and has been compared with prednisolone phosphate and betamethasone phosphate in the treatment of anterior uveitis. The results from 4 double-blind, between-patient studies have shown that all 3 treatments are effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of this intraocular disease. 87% of those patients receiving clobetasone butyrate had a good or satisfactory response, but no differences in therapeutic efficacy were observed between these 3 steroid treatments. Clobetasone butyrate had little effect on intraocular pressure when compared with dexamethasone or hydrocortisone, both of which cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure.
Subject(s)
Betamethasone/analogs & derivatives , Clobetasol/therapeutic use , Uveitis/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Betamethasone/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Clobetasol/analogs & derivatives , Clobetasol/pharmacology , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/pharmacology , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Solutions , Prednisolone/analogs & derivatives , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Uveitis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Patients undergoing biliary surgery received either 750 mg cefuroxime i.m. with the premedication and then 8 hourly for 3 days ((group A) or 1.5 g cefuroxime i.v. at the time of induction of anaesthesia (group B) or not treatment (group C). Wound infections occurred in 3 out of 35 patients in group A, 1 out of 40 patients in group B and 11 out of 39 patients in group C (group B significantly different than group C, P less than 0.05). Eight patients (23%) in group C had chest complications. Cefuroxime was effective in the reduction of wound sepsis following biliary surgery and 1.5 g i.v. administered during induction of anaesthesia is the dosage of choice. The incidence of chest infection tended to be lower in patients receiving cefuroxime but many more patients would have to be studied for a conclusive result.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Cefuroxime/therapeutic use , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Premedication , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures , Cefuroxime/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Clobetasone butyrate eye drops comprise a new steroid preparation which has been investigated in two comparable, double-blind, multicentre clinical trials in patients with ocular inflammation. One study compared clobetasone butyrate with betamethasone phosphate eye drops (205 patients) and the other study compared corresponding preparations containing neomycin (169 patients). There was no difference between the responses to clobetasone butyrate and betamethasone. An excellent or good response was obtained in 73 per cent of patients treated with clobetasone butyrate, 75 per cent with betamethasone, 69 per cent with clobetasone butyrate formulated with neomycin, and 76 per cent with betamethasone formulated with neomycin. Patients who were known to react with a rise of intraocular pressure (IOP) to steroids were treated with clobetasone butyrate eye drops in one eye and either prednisolone eye drops (6 patients) or hydrocortisone eye drops (4 patients) in the other eye. The doses were continued for 6 weeks, or less if the IOP rose more than 10 mm Hg in one eye. All patients experienced a greater intraocular pressure rise in the eye treated with prednisolone or hydrocortisone. The mean changes in IOP were 9 mm Hg for prednisolone compared to 2 mm Hg for clobetasone butyrate (P less than 0.05 Wilcoxon signed ranks test) and 16 mm Hg for hydrocortisone compared to 2 mm Hg for clobetasone butyrate.
