Breast cancer in very young women-a multicenter 10-year experience.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in adult young women in Europe. Although rare, it is one of the leading causes of death in this age group. The aim of this study is to characterize a cohort of young women regarding tumor stage, biology, treatment and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present a multicenter retrospective analysis of women <35 years of age, diagnosed with BC between 2008 and 2017. A total of 207 patients from five Portuguese centers were included, from whom 172 were eligible for analysis. Data were analyzed using IBM SPPSS statistics. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 31 years. Fifty-one percent of tumors were hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, 20% HR-positive/HER2-positive, 8% HR-negative/HER2-positive and 20% triple-negative BC. Twenty-two percent of patients were diagnosed in stage I, 26% stage II, 45% stage III and 6% had de novo metastatic cancer. Thirty-nine percent of patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mean follow-up time was 64.9 months and overall survival at 5 years, of the entire cohort and metastatic patients, was 86.5% and 26%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our study we found similar population characteristics to other cohorts <35 years of age. To our knowledge, this is one of the largest cohorts in very young women. BC in young women is an important issue and further studies are needed to provide better care and survivorship to patients.

French maritime pine bark treatment decelerates plaque development and improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease mice.

BACKGROUND: Plant extracts are increasingly investigated as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia in general. Pycnogenol is an extract from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica) with known anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: Pycnogenol is thought to improve cognitive functions in elderly. We wanted to investigate and quantify these effects in a model system of cerebral ß-amyloidosis/AD. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: This study experimentally assessed the effects of Pycnogenol on AD-related pathology in a ß-amyloidosis mouse model. APP-transgenic mice and controls were treated orally in a pre-onset and post-onset treatment paradigm. The effects of Pycnogenol were characterized by analysing ß-amyloid (Aß) plaques, number of neurons, glia coverage, myelination pattern, and cortical coverage with axons using immunohistochemistry. Aß levels were quantified using ELISA and gene expression levels of APP-processing enzymes ADAM10, BACE1 and IDE protein levels were determined by Western blot. Behavioural changes in circadian rhythm were monitored and spatial memory / cognition was assessed using a water maze test. RESULTS: Pycnogenol significantly decreased the number of plaques in both treatment paradigms but did not alter levels of soluble Aß or the gene expression of APP-processing enzymes. The morphological analyses revealed no changes in the number of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, the myelination pattern, or the morphology of axons. Behavioural testing revealed an improvement of the spatial memory in the pre-onset treatment paradigm only. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest to evaluate clinically a potential use of Pycnogenol in the prevention or in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.