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1.
Community Dent Health ; 32(1): 60-4, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26263595

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyse treatment measures provided in the Public Dental Service (PDS) and to discuss the therapy given against treatment needs as expressed in the national clinical epidemiological studies. METHODS: In 2009, the Chief Dentists of the PDS units collected data from their local registers on patients and treatment provided. Data were obtained from 166 PDS units (86%). Treatment patterns were compared between age groups, provider groups and geographical areas using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Altogether 8.9 million treatments were provided for 1.7 million patients. Examinations, restorative treatment and anaesthesia accounted for 61.3% of all treatments. Preventive measures (8.4%) and periodontal treatment (6.3%) were small proportions of the total. Prosthetic treatment was uncommon (0.5%). Working age adults received half of all treatments (53.2%), the young a third (36.4%) and the elderly 10.4%. Dental hygienists or dental assistants provided 29.7% of all treatment for children and adolescents, 11.1% for adults and 14.1% for the elderly. CONCLUSION: Relatively healthy children had plenty of examinations and preventive measures, and adults had mostly restorative care when their needs were more periodontal and prosthetic care, indicating that treatment given was not fully in line with needs.


Subject(s)
Dental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , State Dentistry/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Anesthesia, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Child , Dental Assistants/statistics & numerical data , Dental Care for Aged/statistics & numerical data , Dental Care for Children/statistics & numerical data , Dental Hygienists/statistics & numerical data , Dental Prosthesis/statistics & numerical data , Dental Restoration, Permanent/statistics & numerical data , Finland , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Research , Humans , Middle Aged , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Preventive Dentistry/statistics & numerical data , Unnecessary Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
2.
Sci Total Environ ; 259(1-3): 73-83, 2000 Oct 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11032137

ABSTRACT

This paper is part of the study of atmospheric emissions of heavy metals conducted by the Finnish Environment Institute in collaboration with the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) under the umbrella of the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The scope of our study is limited solely to anthropogenic mercury that is emitted directly to the atmosphere. This article addresses emission factors and trends of atmospheric mercury emissions during the 1990s and is based mainly on the database of the Finnish Environmental Administration. In addition, data based on the measurements taken by the VTT regarding emission factors have been used to estimate emissions of mercury from the incineration of waste. The study indicates that the total emission of mercury has decreased from 1140 kg in 1990 to 620 kg in 1997, while industrial and energy production have been on the increase simultaneously. The 45% emission reduction is due to improved gas cleaning equipment, process changes, automation, the installation of flue gas desulfurization process in coal-fired power plants and strict pollution control laws. In the past, some authors have estimated a higher mercury emission in Finland. In this study, it is also observed that there are no big changes in the quality of raw materials. Estimated emission factors can be of great help to management for estimating mercury emissions and also its risk assessment.

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