[Predictors Of The Use Of Prenatal Care Among Women Who Have Given Birth In Burundi: A Multilevel Analysis]. / Predicteurs Du Recours Aux Soins Prenataux Chez Les Femmes Ayant Accouchees Au Burundi : Une Analyse Multiniveau.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the predictors of the use of antenatal care in Burundi. DATA AND METHODS: This were an analysis of secondary data from the 2016 - 2017 demographic and health surveys in Burundi. The survey population was women who gave birth in the last five (05) years prior to the survey and gave their informed consent. Our sample consisted of 7,372 women. The data were analyzed with Stata 15.1 software. In bivariate analysis, the Chi-2 test, and simple logistic regression allowed us to identify the candidate variables for modelling at the 20% threshold. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression identified individual and contextual predictors of prenatal care use. RESULTS: The use of antenatal care by women who gave birth in Burundi was influenced by the area of residence (rural area : OR=1.25; 95% CI [1.05 - 1.49]), level of education (secondary level: OR=1.36; 95% CI [1.12 - 1.65]), parity (OR=0.77; 95% CI [0.68 - 0.87]), HIV transmission during pregnancy (OR=1.22; 95% CI [1.06 - 1.41]) and internet use frequency (OR=1.60; 95% CI [1.16 - 2.20]). The intraclass correlation coefficient was (Ii 3 = 0.0050083). CONCLUSION: Consideration of these determinants in the development of strategies to improve antenatal care utilization is necessary.

OBJECTIF: Identifier les facteurs prédictifs du recours aux soins prénatals au Burundi. DONNÉES ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une analyse de données secondaires provenant des enquêtes de démographie et de santé 2016 ­ 2017 du Burundi. Notre échantillon était constitué de 7372 femmes. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel stata 15.1. La régression logistique ordinale multiniveau a permis d'identifier les prédicteurs individuels et contextuels du recours aux soins prénatals. RÉSULTATS: Le recours aux soins prénataux par les femmes ayant accouché au Burundi était influencé par le milieu de résidence (milieu rural : OR=1.25 ; IC 95% [1.05 ­ 1.49]), le niveau d'éducation (niveau secondaire : OR=1.36 ; IC 95% [1.12 ­ 1.65]), la parité (OR=0.77 ; IC 95% [0.68 ­ 0.87]), la transmission du VIH pendant la grossesse (OR=1.22 ; IC 95% [1.06 ­ 1.41]) et la fréquence d'utilisation de l'internet (OR=1.60 ; IC 95% [1.16 ­ 2.20]). Le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse était (Ii 3 = 0.0050083). CONCLUSION: La prise en compte de ces déterminants dans l'élaboration des stratégies d'amélioration de l'utilisation des soins prénataux s'avère nécessaire.

[A plea for introduction of hepatitis B vaccination at birth in Côte d'Ivoire]. / Plaidoyer pour l?introduction du vaccin contre l?hépatite virale B à la naissance en Côte d?Ivoire.

The Côte d'Ivoire National Immunization Technical Advisory Group 2015 work plan included elaboration of an opinion on inclusion of hepatitis B vaccination at birth in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Côte d'Ivoire. A task force was set up to conduct this assessment according to a systematized method. The task force analysed scientific articles on the burden of hepatitis B in Côte d'Ivoire, the burden of mother-child transmission, the impact of hepatitis B vaccination at birth in countries which have adopted this strategy, the efficacy and safety of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns, the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination at birth, and the best strategy to introduce hepatitis B vaccination at birth in the EPI. The National Immunization Technical Advisory Group of Côte d'Ivoire finally recommended introduction of a dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth in the context of the Expanded Program on Immunization with maintenance of three doses of pentavalent vaccine (DPT-HepB-Hib) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.

Determinants of Fatal Road Traffic Injuries in Côte d'Ivoire from 2002 to 2011 / Déterminants des accidents mortels de la circulation routière en Côte d'Ivoire de 2002 à 2011.

Introduction : In most developing countries, with rapidly changing lifestyles, urbanization, and increasing numbers of vehicles, Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) are expected to have a growing impact on mortality and morbidity.The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with fatal RTI in Côte d'Ivoire.Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study of data concerning RTI in Côte d'Ivoire over a ten-year period (2002 to 2011) from the Road Safety Office (RSO) database. All RTI reported by the police were included in the study. Fatal RTI was the dependent variable, while sociodemographic, behavioural and environmental risk factors were independent variables. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 16 software.Results : Out of a total of 56,966 reported RTI, 3008 were fatal, representing 0.6 deaths per 100,000. The majority (93.5%) of RTI occurred in urban areas. Pedestrian victims were identified in more than one half (59.3%) of cases. Subjects under the age of 18 and subjects between the ages of 43 and 47 years had 2.4-fold and 4.9-fold higher risks of fatal accidents, respectively. Excessive speed (OR = 5.3 ; p = 0.000) and dangerous overtaking (OR = 4.9 ; p = 0.000) were the leading causes of fatal accidents. Mechanical failure was also a risk factor (OR = 3.9 ; p < 0.005). The risk of a fatal accident was 6.8-fold higher in rural areas than in urban areas.Conclusion : Fatal RTI were related to human and environmental factors, hence the need for awareness campaigns to promote behaviour changes among road users.

Investigation of an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in côte d'ivoire in april 2007.

BACKGROUND: This study aim was to investigate an outbreak of human cases of unexplained influenza-like illness and fatal acute respiratory infection (ARI), with simultaneous poultry illness and high mortality raising concerns of possible influenza A (H5N1), virus in Cote d'Ivoire in February and March 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the outbreak, we conducted active surveillance in the community and reviewed health registries. Persons meeting the case definition were asked to provide nasopharyngeal specimens. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological information, specimens were tested using conventional RT-PCR for the M gene of the influenza viruses and hemagglutinin H5 of avian influenza A (H5N1), virus; negative samples were tested for other respiratory viruses. Specimens from healthy animals were also collected. RESULTS: Between October 2006, and February 2007, 104 suspected cases of Acute Respiratory Disease that included; 31 deaths recorded. We collected and tested 73 nasopharyngeal specimens; of which, 2, were positive for human Coronavirus OC43 and 1 for influenza C virus. No pathogens were identified in animal specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The investigation quickly ruled out influenza A (H5N1), virus as the cause and found laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza C virus and human Coronavirus OC 43 for the first time in both Côte d'Ivoire and in a Sub-Saharan African country. However we were not able to show that these viruses caused the outbreak. Monitoring of influenza viruses must be a priority but other respiratory viruses and non-viral causes may be of interest too.

Investigation of an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in Côte d'Ivoire in april 2007

Background: This study aim was to investigate an outbreak of human cases of unexplained influenza-like illness and fatal acute respiratory infection (ARI); with simultaneous poultry illness and high mortality raising concerns of possible influenza A (H5N1); virus in Cote d'Ivoire in February and March 2007. Materials and Methods: To investigate the outbreak; we conducted active surveillance in the community and reviewed health registries. Persons meeting the case definition were asked to provide nasopharyngeal specimens. On the basis of clinical and epidemiological information; specimens were tested using conventional RT-PCR for the M gene of the influenza viruses and hemagglutinin H5 of avian influenza A (H5N1); virus; negative samples were tested for other respiratory viruses. Specimens from healthy animals were also collected. Results: Between October 2006; and February 2007; 104 suspected cases of Acute Respiratory Disease that included; 31 deaths recorded. We collected and tested 73 nasopharyngeal specimens; of which; 2; were positive for human Coronavirus OC43 and 1 for influenza C virus. No pathogens were identified in animal specimens. Conclusions: The investigation quickly ruled out influenza A (H5N1); virus as the cause and found laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza C virus and human Coronavirus OC 43 for the first time in both Cote d'Ivoire and in a Sub-Saharan African country. However we were not able to show that these viruses caused the outbreak. Monitoring of influenza viruses must be a priority but other respiratory viruses and non-viral causes may be of interest too

Aedes aegypti susceptibility to insecticide from Abidjan City, Cote D'ivoire.

The susceptibility of Aedes aegypti adults of three places in Abidjan city selected for an entomological surveillance of potential arbovirus vectors to permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and propoxur was determined using WHO standard procedures. The wild populations of A. aegypti were susceptible to permethrin, deltamethirn, and lambdacyhalothin. Resistance to propoxur was detected in strains collected at the Autonomous Port of Abidjan and at Koumassi (mortality rate: 77%) but possibly resistance to this insecticide at the national zoological park (mortality rate: 90.8%). Populations of the national zoological park were possibly resistant to propoxur whereas those of the Autonomous port of Abidjan and of Koumassi were resistant.