Correlation between prostate size and age of patients evaluated for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the commonest cause of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in middle age and elderly men. Prostate size increases as a man ages. It has been documented that age and androgens are the greatest risk factors for BPH progression. The size of the prostate can predict the future need and outcome of BPH­related surgery. The aim of this study was to correlate prostatic size (volume) with age of patients evaluated for symptomatic BPH. Patients and method: This was a retrospective study of one hundred and ninety two (192) patients that were evaluated for BPH in two (2) urology centers in Nigeria between January 2018 and June 2019. Patient's bio-data, findings on history and physical examination, relevant laboratory and imaging studies, in particular, trans-rectal ultrasound reports of the prostate were collated and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: 192 men with a mean age of 64.23±9.47 years were evaluated. Majority of the patients presented in their 7th decade of life. Mean prostate volume was 67.59±45.70mls while mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 4.76±4.59ng/ml. Correlation between prostate volume and age was weak; r(192) = .172, P<0.05. Conclusion: Prostate size (volume) in our cohort of patients showed a weak correlation with age

Trends in the incidence, clinical presentation, and management of traumatic rupture of the corpus cavernosum.

BACKGROUND: Recent observations in our hospital of apparent increase in frequency prompted a revisit to the subject of fracture of penis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective review, patients' age, marital status, and causal activities; clinical presentations; methods of management; operative findings; and postoperative complications were analyzed for changing trends. Literature was also reviewed briefly. RESULTS: Nineteen episodes of penile fracture in 18 patients exceed the previous incidence by more than 58%. Most were due to noncoital causes (73.7%); more unmarried people (31.6%) were affected. Most presented with the classic symptoms/signs, and tears were repaired by degloving through subcoronal incisions; one was treated conservatively. The higher morbidity observed was attributed to higher rates of hematoma and wound infections, probably enhanced by poor hemostasis and early persistent, postoperative erections. Painful erections, painful coitus, and deformities, however subsided within weeks, with no long-term ill effects. CONCLUSION: The incidence of penile fracture, postoperative hematoma, and infections has increased; about 32% of the patients were unmarried. The prominence of masturbation as a cause of penile fracture and increased ratio of noncoital to coital causes are highlighted. Degloving through subcoronal incisions remains an acceptable method of approach for repair in line with cultural practices in Saudi Arabia.

The changing pattern of prostate cancer in Nigerians: current status in the southeastern states.

This was a ten-year, hospital-based retrospective study for the incidence and clinical pattern of prostate cancer in southeastern Nigeria. Clinical information extracted from the files included the TNM stage, histo-pathological grading, level of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), mode of presentation and clinical and biochemical response to intravenous and oral diethylstilboestrol diphosphate (Honvan)/ orchidectomy. There were 145 patients, mean age 66.6 + 9.8 years, giving an incidence of 61.3 per 10(5), with 54% under 70 years. Most patients (81.4%) presented late, with 62% metastatic. Over 98% were adenocarcinomas, 77% of which were moderate to well-differentiated cancers. PAP was elevated in 109 patients (75%), (representing 92% of all advanced tumours), and normal in 36 (25%). Forty-two percent of poorly differentiated cancers had normal levels of PAP. Most patients presented with urinary retention (56%), prostatism (44%), anaemia (41%), recurrent UTI (35%), bone pains (20%), haematuria (18%), backache (16%) and paraplegia (6%). Nearly 79% responded to treatment with lowered PAP levels and improved quality of life, within a mean of 26.3+/-13.8 months (range 5-78); objective 81 (58%), subjective 32 (23%), no response 27 (19%). Among paraplegics, 78% had full, and 22% had partial motor recovery. Patients with poorly differentiated cancers had only a 33% two-year survival rate. This study confirmed an upward, though moderate trend in the incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria. The use of PAP instead of PSA as the tumor marker, a local diet with high fish content but lower animal fat, and poor hospital access may account for the lower incidence in the southeast. Poor health education may account for the high rate of late presentations.