ABSTRACT
Obese subjects have shown a preference for dietary lipids. A recent collection of evidence has proposed that a variant in the CD36 gene plays a significant role in this pathway. We assessed the association between the orosensory detection of a long-chain fatty acid, i.e. oleic acid (OA), and genetic polymorphism of the lipid taste sensor CD36 in obese and normal-weight subjects. Adult participants were recruited in the fasting condition. They were invited to fat taste perception sessions, using emulsions containing OA and according to the three-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) method. Genomic DNA was used to determine the polymorphism (SNP rs 1761667) of the CD36 gene. Obese (n 50; BMI 34â 97 (sd 4â 02) kg/m2) exhibited a significantly higher oral detection threshold for OA (3â 056 (sd 3â 53) mmol/l) than did the normal-weight (n 50; BMI 22â 16 (sd 1â 81) kg/m2) participants (1â 20 (sd 3â 23) mmol/l; P = 0â 007). There was a positive correlation between OA detection thresholds and BMI in all subjects; evenly with body fat percentage (BF%). AA genotype was more frequent in the obese group than normal-weight group. OA detection thresholds were much higher for AA and AG genotypes in obese subjects compared with normal-weight participants. Higher oral detection thresholds for fatty acid taste are related to BMI, BF% and not always to CD36 genotype.
Subject(s)
CD36 Antigens/genetics , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Obesity/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adolescent , Adult , Body Mass Index , Dietary Fats , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oleic Acid/metabolism , Weights and Measures , Young AdultABSTRACT
Anaemia is a public health problem in Morocco. To limit this problem, Morocco developed a national programme based on fortification of flour with electrolytic elemental iron. To evaluate the programme's impact on the prevalence of anaemia in children between 2 and 5 years, 4 surveys were conducted, between 2006 and 2008, throughout the country. The results showed a significant improvement in the mean rate of haemoglobin accompanied by a significant decrease in the prevalence of anaemia. This improvement appears to be the result of several mutually reinforcing actions in addition to the fortification of flour with iron, including the promotion of a diversified diet rich in micronutrients and the promotion of public health measures.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Child Nutrition Disorders , Flour , Food, Fortified , Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Chi-Square Distribution , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Child, Preschool , Flour/analysis , Food, Fortified/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Morocco/epidemiology , National Health Programs , Nutrition Surveys , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Public Health Practice , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Anaemia is a public health problem in Morocco. To limit this problem, Morocco developed a national programme based on fortification of flour with electrolytic elemental iron. To evaluate the programme's impact on the prevalence of anaemia in children between 2 and 5 years, 4 surveys were conducted, between 2006 and 2008, throughout the country. The results showed a significant improvement in the mean rate of haemoglobin accompanied by a significant decrease in the prevalence of anaemia. This improvement appears to be the result of several mutually reinforcing actions in addition to the fortification of flour with iron, including the promotion of a diversified diet rich in micronutrients and the promotion of public health measures
