Chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the nasal cavity: an exceptional and misdiagnosed presentation.

Chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the nasal cavity is a rare and aggressive tumor that presents diagnostic challenges due to its variable clinical and radiological features. Histological analysis is crucial for an accurate diagnosis, despite morphological similarities with chondrosarcoma. We present a case of primary craniofacial chondroblastic osteosarcoma originating from the nasal cavity in a 17-year-old adolescent. The tumor was characterized by cartilaginous lobules and spindle cell proliferation with osteoid matrix deposition. Immunohistochemical analysis supported the diagnosis. This case highlights the rarity of this particular presentation and emphasizes the significance of accurate diagnosis through histopathological evaluation to achieve optimal management.

Primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland: A case report.

The primary malignant melanoma of the parotid is a rare and complex clinical entity, posing numerous diagnostic challenges due to the absence of melanin in the tumor and its histological similarities with other poorly differentiated lesions. Accurate diagnosis often requires advanced imaging techniques and immunohistochemical procedures to identify specific melanoma markers. Therapeutically, total parotidectomy with simultaneous cervical dissection is frequently recommended, although approaches combining surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or even immunotherapy are also being explored. Despite these advancements, malignant parotid melanoma continues to be associated with a grim prognosis, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research to improve therapeutic options and understanding of this rare pathology.

Primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the mandibular gingiva: diagnostic pitfalls, about an unusual entity.

Primary angiosarcoma of the oral cavity is a rare malignant vascular neoplasm variably recapitulating endothelial cells and is generally associated with a worse prognosis. The epithelioid subtype is even uncommon in this localization. To our knowledge, only seven cases of primary oral epithelioid angiosarcoma have been reported until 2021. This histopathological variant is characterized by solid and sheet-like growth patterns that may be misinterpreted as other lesions with epithelioid cells. Herein, we present a new case of primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the mandibular gingiva to discuss histopathological differential diagnoses and potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Exploring a rare case of juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma in the ethmoid: a case study and review.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) and its variants, including juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF), represent rare yet clinically significant benign fibro-osseous lesions that primarily occur in children and young adolescents. They can be found in diverse anatomical sites such as the jaw, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and orbit. JOF exhibits an aggressive nature, necessitating early radiological detection and surgical intervention. Similarly, JPOF, with a locally malignant potential, requires surgical removal, typically conducted through endoscopic approaches. We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with JPOF arising in the ethmoid, revealed by recurrent epistaxis and proptosis. The text emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis through histopathology as a diagnostic tool and underscores the need for appropriate management.

Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma Arising in the Maxillary Sinus, an Uncommon and Misdiagnosed Tumor: A Case Report.

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm with an intermediate to low-grade malignant potential. Only 5% of PMHEs occur in the head and neck. This tumor exhibits different histological patterns and mimics other vascular tumors, myoid tumors, or carcinomas. The distinction between these tumors can be a very challenging situation for pathologists. In this article, we report the first case, to our knowledge, of PMHE arising in the maxillary sinus, to highlight this uncommon entity and discuss differential diagnoses.

Intramasseteric Solitary Myofibroma: A Case Report.

Solitary myofibroma or infantile myofibroma is a rare spindle cell neoplasm that generally affects infants before the age of 2 years but cases in young children and adults have been described. Although the location of infantile myofibroma in the oral and maxillofacial region has been described, the intramasseteric location of the lesion is very uncommon. A thorough assessment of histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics is necessary to have a correct diagnosis. Treatment relies on surgical resection. In this article, we present a rare clinical case of a 15-year-old patient with a myofibroma of the masseteric muscle and its management.

A giant peripheral ossifying fibroma of the mandible: A rare case report.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is an unusual localized, reactive benign gingival growth. POF is usually small in size, it's measure <2 cm in diameter, but rarely reaches important sizes. The aim of this work was to present a rare case report of a giant peripheral ossifying fibroma of the mandible measuring >2 cm in diameter, misdiagnosed as peripheral myxoma. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with a large peripheral ossifying fibroma in the oral cavity measuring 6 × 4 cm in diameter. The patient presented with an asymptomatic, slowly growing gingival mass in the left anterior and posterior region of the mandible. It gradually increased in size for more than two years. The patient had a mild mental deficit; however, we performed biopsy surgery, which revealed a peripheral myxoma, and then treated the tumor by excision under local anesthesia. The final histopathological examination revealed a peripheral ossifying fibroma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This case report shows that POF can grow and reach unusual dimensions that may contribute to occlusal problems. The diagnosis of POF is based on clinical and radiographic features. The histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen can misdiagnose the lesion; therefore, the final diagnosis is based on the histopathological examination of the complete excised lesion. CONCLUSION: POF is usually small, but can reach a larger size. The histopathological examination of the entire lesion is of paramount importance to make a final diagnosis.

Diagnostic challenge: primary leptomeningeal melanoma with melanomatosis, illustrative case report.

Primary leptomeningeal melanoma is an extremely rare type of intracranial melanoma. It cannot be reliably distinguished from metastatic melanoma on neuroimaging and histopathological characteristics alone; its diagnosis is established only after exclusion of secondary metastatic disease from a cutaneous, mucosal or retinal primary. Prognosis is poor, partly due to its high rate of misdiagnosis. Herein, we report a case of a primary meningeal melanoma of the skull base with melanomatosis, in a 31-year-old man, mimicking meningioma. Our aim is to highlight the diagnostic pitfalls and to discuss the histopathological differential diagnoses, especially with other pigmented lesions of central nervous system.

Numb chin syndrome revealing a mandibular metastasis: Case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Numb chin syndrome (NCS), although rare, is an important clinical finding. It may be a metastatic neurologic manifestation of malignancy, often with no clinically visible pathologic finding. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old female, with prior history of breast cancer, presented to our service with complaint of pain and left mandibular hypoesthesia for four months. Panoramic showed several irregular osteolytic lesions of the mandibular body. CT-scan images showed a large irregular hypodense lesion and a tissue infiltration of the left mandibular body blowing the buccal cortex. Histopathology showed a neoplastic proliferation of carcinomatous cells positive for the cytokeratin AE1/AE3. A diagnosis of breast carcinoma mandibular metastasis was made. The patient was referred sent to the oncology committee. She was treated with Palbociclib and hormone therapy. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: In the oral cavity, the mandible is the most common site for metastasis. Metastatic tumors of the oral cavity may be asymptomatic or present different non-pathognomonic. Numb chin syndrome which is considered as an important presentation of oral metastases. The consideration of malignancy as a differential diagnosis may help in early diagnosis and intervention that may affect disease prognosis. CONCLUSION: Dentists and other oral health care providers must be aware of this condition to consider metastatic cancer in patients with unexplained facial hypoesthesia.

Solitary infantile myofibromatosis of the petrous bone: a diagnostic pitfall in uncommon location illustrated by a case report.

Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is the most common fibrous disorder of infancy and early childhood. Solitary intracranial involvement is rare and often unrecognized. This makes its early diagnosis and adequate management difficult. The majority of lesions are localized to the skull or dura with variable intracranial extension. Herein, we report a misdiagnosed and aggressive presentation of a solitary IM of the petrous bone. Our aim is to discuss histopathological differential diagnoses and management difficulties.

Prostatic Abscess on Xanthogranulomatous Prostatitis: Uncommon Complication of an Uncommon Disease.

Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare benign inflammatory process of the prostate. Only few cases have been reported in the English literature. Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is usually an incidental finding after needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate in patients suffering from low urinary tract symptoms. We report the case of a 59-years-old patient diagnosed with prostatic abscess managed by transurethral resection of the prostate. Histopathological examination of resected prostatic tissue revealed abscessed xanthogranulomatous prostatitis with no evidence of malignancy. Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis presenting as a prostatic abscess is a rare finding. To the best of our knowledge our case represents the fourth case of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis presenting as prostatic abscess reported in the English literature so far.

Primary Pleuropulmonary Synovial Sarcoma: A Case.

Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. The diagnosis can only be made after having eliminated an extrapleuropulmonary localization in the past and at the time of diagnosis. Our presentation is about a 40-year-old woman having a cough and dyspnea since three weeks ago; imaging had showed a left pleurisy with pleuropulmonary process. Histological study of the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. PET-SCAN had not identified any extrathoracic localization. This tumor is known for its aggressive nature and high risk of metastasis. Its primitive character is retained following a diagnostic procedure of exclusion. Surgical treatment remains the best therapeutic tool when it is technically feasible; otherwise the prognosis is often unfortunate. In this paper, we report a case of primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. Through this case, we present a rare disease that is often difficult to diagnose.