Effect of weight loss program using prebiotics and probiotics on body composition, physique, and metabolic products: longitudinal intervention study.

The relationship between gut microbiota and obesity has recently been an important subject for research as the gut microbiota is thought to affect body homeostasis including body weight and composition, intervening with pro and prebiotics is an intelligent possible way for obesity management. To evaluate the effect of hypo caloric adequate fiber regimen with probiotic supplementation and physical exercise, whether it will have a good impact on health, body composition, and physique among obese Egyptian women or has no significant effect. The enrolled 58 women, in this longitudinal follow-up intervention study; followed a weight loss eating regimen (prebiotic), including a low-carbohydrate adequate-fiber adequate-protein dietary pattern with decreased energy intake. They additionally received daily probiotic supplements in the form of yogurt and were instructed to exercise regularly for 3 months. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, laboratory investigations, and microbiota analysis were obtained before and after the 3 months weight loss program. Statistically highly significant differences in the anthropometry, body composition parameters: and obesity-related biomarkers (Leptin, ALT, and AST) between the pre and post-follow-up measurements at the end of the study as they were all decreased. The prebiotic and probiotic supplementation induced statistically highly significant alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota with increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio. Hypo caloric adequate fiber regimen diet with probiotics positively impacts body composition and is effective for weight loss normalizing serum Leptin and AST.

Gut dysbiosis is linked to metabolic syndrome in obese Egyptian women: potential treatment by probiotics and high fiber diets regimen.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity with insulin resistance. The role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders is increasingly considered. To investigate the effects of probiotic supplements and hypocaloric high fiber regimen on MetS in obese Egyptian women. A longitudinal follow-up intervention study included 58 obese Egyptian women, with a mean age of 41.62 ± 10.70 years. They were grouped according to the criteria of MetS into 2 groups; 23 obese women with MetS and 35 ones without MetS. They followed a hypocaloric high fiber regimen weight loss program, light physical exercise, and received a probiotic supplement daily for 3 months. For each participating woman, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, basal metabolic rate (BMR), dietary recalls, laboratory investigations, and microbiota analysis were acquired before and after 3 months of follow-up. After intervention by the probiotic and hypocaloric high fiber regimen and light exercise, reduction ranged from numerical to significant difference in the anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and BMR was reported. All the biochemical parameters characterized by MetS decreased significantly at p ≤ 0.05-0.01. Before the intervention, results revealed abundant of Bacteroidetes bacteria over Firmicutes with a low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. After the intervention, Log Lactobacillus, Log Bifidobacteria, and Log Bacteroidetes increased significantly in both groups, while Log Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio revealed a significant decrease. In conclusion, this study's results highlight a positive trend of probiotics supplementation with hypocaloric high-fiber diets in amelioration of the criteria of the Mets in obese Egyptian women.

Efficacy of parsley seed-supplemented bread in improving serum osteopontin level and renal health in obese women: A nutritional intervention study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global epidemic and a major contributor to chronic kidney disease worldwide. This interventional study aimed to evaluate the effects of a unique parsley seed bread and a healthy balanced diet on serum osteopontin level and renal function in obese women. METHODS: A total of 85 obese women (BMI, 35.68 ± 0.47 kg/m2) participated in an 8-week nutritional intervention comprising two phases. In the first phase, participants consumed 100 g of ground parsley seed bread along with a healthy balanced low caloric regimen for four weeks. In the second phase, Baladi bread was substituted for the supplement, providing an equal caloric intake, for another four weeks. Relevant Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, dietary recall, and biochemical parameters (osteopontin, IL-1ß, IL-10, kidney functions, and lipid parameters) were assessed before and after each intervention phase. RESULTS: Following the initial intervention phase, there were significant improvements in all recorded mean anthropometric parameters (p ≤ 0.001). Lipid parameters and risk factors also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while osteopontin, creatinine, and IL-1ß levels decreased significantly. eGFR, creatinine clearance, IL-10 increased. However, these improved values returned to elevated levels after the omission of the supplement in the second phase. There was a significant negative correlation between osteopontin and creatinine, creatinine clearance, and IL-10. CONCLUSION: The combined effect of the novel parsley seed-based intervention and a healthy balanced low-calorie regimen demonstrated improvements in osteopontin level associated with renal disorders, and inflammation, in addition to dyslipidemia in obese women. This suggests a promising approach for improving and protecting kidney disorders.

Assessment of macronutrients dietary intake, central adiposity among pre- and postmenopausal Egyptian women with benign and malignant breast tumors.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cancer in women and the second most common cancer worldwide. Lifestyle factors, like body weight, physical activity and diet, may be accompanying with higher BC risk. AIM: The assessment of macronutrients dietary intake; protein, fat, carbohydrates and their components of amino, fatty acids, and central obesity/adiposity among pre- and postmenopausal Egyptian women with benign and malignant breast tumors. METHODS: The current case control study included 222 women: 85 control, 54 benign and 83 breast cancer patients. Clinical, anthropocentric and biomedical examinations were performed. Dietary history and health attitude were done. RESULTS: The anthropometric parameters including waist circumference (WC) and the body mass index (BMI) of the benign and the women with malignant breast lesions showed the highest values when compared to the control (35.45 ± 15.58 km2 and 101.24 ± 15.01 cm, 31.39 ± 6.77 km2 and 98.85 ± 13.53 cm and 27.51 ± 7.10 km2 and 84.33 ± 13.78 cm). The biochemical parameters revealed high concentration of the total cholesterol (TC) (192.83 ± 41.54 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (117.88 ± 35.18 mg/dl) and the median insulin level 13.8 (10.2-24.1) µu/ml in the malignant patients with high significant difference compared to the control. The malignant patients had the highest daily caloric intake (795.84 ± 519.95 K calories) proteins (65.39 ± 28.77 g), total fats (69.09 ± 32.15 g) and carbohydrates (196.70 ± 85.35 g), when compared to the control. Data also revealed the high daily consumption of the different types of the fatty acids with high linoleic/linoleinic ratio among the malignant group (14.284 ± 6.25). Branched chain amino acids (BGAAs), sulphur amino acids (SAAs), conditional amino acids (CAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) proved to be the highest in this group. Correlation coefficient between the risk factors revealed either positive or negative weak correlation except that between serum LDL-C concentration and the amino acids (isoleucine, valine cysteine, tryptophan and tyrosine) and negative association with the protective polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION: Participants with breast cancer had the greatest levels of body fatness and unhealthy feeding habits relative to their high calorie, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake.

Brief overview of dietary intake, some types of gut microbiota, metabolic markers and research opportunities in sample of Egyptian women.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a phenotype caused by the interaction of host intrinsic factors such as genetics and gut microbiome, and extrinsic factors such as diet and lifestyle. To demonstrate the interplay of intestinal microbiota with obesity, MetS markers, and some dietary ingredients among samples of Egyptian women. This study was a cross-sectional one that included 115 Egyptian women; 82 were obese (59 without MetS and 23 with MetS) and 33 were normal weight. All participants were subjected to anthropometric assessment, 24 h dietary recall, laboratory evaluation of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), leptin, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profile, in addition to fecal microbiota analysis for Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroid. Data showed that the obese women with MetS had the highest significant values of the anthropometric and the biochemical parameters. Obese MetS women consumed a diet high in calories, protein, fat, and carbohydrate, and low in fiber and micronutrients. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the abundant bacteria among the different gut microbiota, with low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and insignificant differences between the obese with and without MetS and normal weight women were reported. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio significantly correlated positively with total cholesterol and LDL-C and negatively with SCFA among obese women with MetS. Findings of this study revealed that dietary factors, dysbiosis, and the metabolic product short chain fatty acids have been implicated in causing metabolic defects.

Association of some dietary ingredients, vitamin D, estrogen, and obesity polymorphic receptor genes with bone mineral density in a sample of obese Egyptian women.

BACKGROUND: Although many environmental factors play an important role in bone mass density (BMD) variation, genetic influences account for 60-85% of individual variance. The aim of this study was to find the interaction between some dietary ingredients, vitamin D, estrogen, and obesity polymorphic receptor genes, among a sample of obese Egyptian women. This was a cross sectional study included 97 women (aged 25-60 years). Data on anthropometry, dietary intake, BMD, biochemical, and genetic analyses were collected. RESULTS: Osteoporosis was high among women had dominant Taq1 vitamin D receptor gene while osteoporosis was less common among the homozygous Apa1 receptor gene women. Both genes in their two forms did not show any effect on serum vitamin D. Heterozygous types of osteoporotic women carried both genes revealed a slight but significant decrease in level of serum calcium. Xba1 estrogen receptor gene was identified only in a homozygous type while the heterozygous Pvu11 estrogen receptors gene has been identified among both osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic women, this gene was associated with higher BMI in both groups compared to the homozygous receptor gene. Mutant types of genotype FTOrs99 and FTOrs80 obesity receptors genes were less common (4.44%, 11%) among participants. Both of these genes were associated with the highest value of BMI and caloric daily intake, fat, and saturated fatty acid that were more prominent among osteoporotic women. CONCLUSION: There is significant association between vitamin D, estrogen, obesity receptors genes, special nutrients, and osteoporosis. Increased BMI, calories, and fat intake lead to rise of genetic predisposition and susceptibility to osteoporosis.

Dietary Pattern and Bone Health in Pre and Post-menopausal Obese Women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity and osteoporosis are worldwide health problems that interact with each other. There are also affected by the menopause and dietary pattern. So, this study aimed to find the relation between osteoporosis, body weight and intake of protein, calcium and vitamin D in obese pre and post-menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixteen shared as volunteers in a cross-section study lasted for 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups, pre and post-menopausal women. All women were subjected to, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and 24 dietary recalls. They were evaluated for bone mass density, biochemical analysis for serum lipids, calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS: Osteopenia and osteoporosis were higher among normal-weight and overweight (non-obese) women compared to obese as well weakly associated with their serum lipids. The mean daily protein consumption was high as compared to recommended daily allowances (RDAs), especially among osteoporotic women. The mean daily intake of vitamin D and calcium was low as the lower level was noticed among the osteoporotic premenopausal patients. The means serum concentration of calcium and vitamin D were adequate. CONCLUSION: Data revealed that the prevalence of osteoporosis was lower among obese patients compared to non-obese women. Inadequate daily dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D was reported, however, physiological compensation maintained their optimal normal serum levels.

Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders and Risk of Renal Disease: Impact of Hypocaloric Diet and Avena Sativa Supplement.

BACKGROUND: The recognition of the complications of obesity in various organs and systems should make clinicians and dietitians aware of the importance of early strategies to fight obesity in all age groups. AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the early effect of using Avena sativa (oat) flour supplement compared to a hypocaloric diet in the management of obesity-related metabolic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Snack was prepared from wholemeal wheat flour (100% extraction) and oat flour. Chemical analysis of the raw materials and the formulae was carried out. 106 obese women with their mean body mass index were 37.73 ± 0.56 kg/m2 volunteered for 8 weeks period. They were divided into two groups; group (A), consumed hypocaloric diet supplemented by the prepared snack, while group (B) subjects followed the low caloric balanced diet. All patients were monitored clinically, anthropometrically, dietary 24 h recall and biochemically. RESULT: Data demonstrated significantly decreased in the mean levels of the anthropometric parameters. Group (A) showed a higher decrease in the waist circumference, WHR, body fat% and SBP; while in group (B) weight, BMI, chest circumference and DBP were the most affected parameters. The reduction in the biochemical parameters was higher in the group (A). At the baseline, high values of cystatin-C were found in both groups which may indicate early renal injury. At the end of the study, a significant reduction of the cystatin concentration was observed among both groups (-24.54 & -12.23%). CONCLUSION: The healthy effect of the dietary oat supplement on the reduction of central obesity, percentage body fat and different metabolic disorders criteria was confirmed than with hypocaloric diet.

Association between Dietary Patterns, Breakfast Skipping and Familial Obesity among a Sample of Egyptian Families.

AIM: To examine the association between dietary patterns, behaviors and the prevalence of familial obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty three families, shared as volunteers comprised of 83 mothers and 155 offspring. Anthropometric measurements were reported including height and weight. Body mass index (BMI), weight/height, and weight/height Z score were calculated. Pattern of food intake was obtained by means of dietary interview consisting of a 24 hour recall, and a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Data revealed that obesity was high among mothers reached 91.6% while obesity in the offspring was 24.5%. According to prevalence of obesity, families were divided to 4 groups, 8.43% of families were of normal weight, and 20.48% were obese. Food frequency consumption rate and food analysis revealed unhealthy food intake, especially in obese families. All groups reported high rate intake of sweets, pastries and beverage. Calories, carbohydrate, cholesterol and sodium were higher than the RDA in all mother's groups, and adolescent group (2) compared to low daily intake of micronutrients especially calcium and vitamin D in all groups. More than half of all mothers and offspring skipped breakfast. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that familial obesity increases the risk of offspring being obese, dietary habits might be involved in the development of obesity.

Serum Ceramide Kinase as a Biomarker of Cognitive Functions, and the Effect of Using Two Slimming Dietary Therapies in Obese Middle Aged Females.

AIM: Highlighting the impact of obesity on mental and cognitive functions using serum ceramide kinase enzyme concentration as a biomarker for cognitive evaluation in the middle aged females, and also targeting to control the obesity and simultaneously postponing the deterioration of the cognitive functions, by implementing two slimming dietary therapies each incorporating different functional ingredients known to boost cognition. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety six obese middle aged females, divided into two groups volunteered to follow a low caloric balanced diet combined with two bread supplements composed essentially of barley flour and wheat germ mixed with either 5% turmeric, group (A); or with 5% ginger, group (B) for 4 weeks, phase (1); to be followed by the hypocaloric diet alone for another 4 weeks, phase (2). RESULTS: By the end of phase (1), the biochemical analysis showed a positive response of the levels of C-peptide and modified homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; also increased levels of the serum ceramide kinase enzyme, coupled with improved cognitive functions tests. Improvement of the relevant metabolic profile, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and the anthropometric measurements was detected. CONCLUSION: Using dietary therapy supported by special formulas which contain active ingredients succeeded in reducing weight and improving both the metabolic profile and the cognitive functions.

Association between Macronutrients Intake, Visceral Obesity and Blood Pressure in a Sample of Obese Egyptian Women.

AIM: Study the association between the total caloric intake, protein, lipid, and some classes of fatty acids of the diet, and their effects on blood pressure in a sample of Egyptian obese women with and without visceral obesity. METHODS: Five hundred forty-nine obese women were included in the study with mean age of 38.1 ± 11.56 years and mean Body mass index [BMI] of 36.17 ± 7.23. They enrolled in a program for losing weight. Visceral fat was determined using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured 3 times and the mean was recorded. Twenty four hours dietary recall was reported. RESULTS: Thirty point four percentages of samples has visceral obesity ≥ 7cm; they were the older, showed higher values of BMI, visceral obesity and blood pressure. Significant difference was found between groups regarding mean value of BMI, visceral obesity, both systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP and most of the daily macronutrients intake. In groups (2&3) positive significant correlation was recorded between (SBP) & (DBP) and total daily intake of total calories, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and negative significant correlation with total daily intake of total protein, animal and vegetable protein, linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, while oleic fatty acid showed negative correlation with SBP&DBP in all groups. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the hypothesis that the macronutrients composition of diet influences blood pressure in different ways, in obese patients with visceral obesity.