Chitosan nanoparticles of new chromone-based sulfonamide derivatives as effective anti-microbial matrix for wound healing acceleration.

A new series of chromone and furochromone-based sulfonamide Schiff's base derivatives 3-12 were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, and A. niger using agar diffusion method. Compound 3a demonstrated potent antimicrobial activities with MIC values of 9.76 and 19.53 µg/mL against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, which is 2-fold and 4-fold more potent than neomycin (MIC = 19.53, 39.06 µg/mL respectively). To improve the effectiveness of 3a, it was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (CS-3aNPs). The CS-3aNPs size was 32.01 nm, as observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and the zeta potential value was 14.1 ± 3.07 mV. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) were 91.5 % and 1.6 %, respectively as indicated by spectral analysis. The CS-3aNPs extremely inhibited bacterial growth utilizing the colony-forming units (CFU). The ability of CS-3aNPs to protect skin wounds was evaluated in vivo. CS-3aNPs showed complete wound re-epithelialization, hyperplasia of the epidermis, well-organized granulation tissue formation, and reduced signs of wound infection, as seen through histological assessment which showed minimal inflammatory cells in comparison with untreated wound. Overall, these findings suggest that CS-3aNPs has a positive impact on protecting skin wounds from infection due to their antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis, bioactivity assessment, molecular docking and ADMET studies of new chromone congeners exhibiting potent anticancer activity.

In consideration of the chromones' therapeutic potential and anticancer activity, a new series of chromanone derivatives have been synthesized through a straightforward reaction between 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone (2) and various organic active compounds. The cytotoxic activity of the newly synthesized congeners was investigated against MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HCT-116 (colon cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), and normal skin fibroblast cells (BJ1). The obtained data indicated that compounds 14b, 17, and 19 induce cytotoxic activity in the breast MCF7, while compounds 6a, 6b, 11 and 14c showed highly potent activity in the colon cancer cell lines. Overall, the results demonstrate that the potential cytotoxic effects of the studied compounds may be based on their ability to induce DNA fragmentation in cancer cell lines, down-regulate the expression level of CDK4 as well as the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes P53 and Bax. Furthermore, compounds 14b and 14c showed a dual mechanism of action by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The docking studies showed that the binding affinity of the most active cytotoxic compounds within the active pocket of the CDK4 enzyme is stronger due to hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions. These results were found to be consistent with the experimental results.

UPLC/Tandem mass and antimicrobial activity of Khaya senegalensis (A. Juss.) / UPLC/Tándem masa y la actividad antimicrobiana de Khaya senegalensis

Characterization of flavonoids and limonoids in the defatted acetone extract of Khaya senegalensis flowers (A. Juss.) contents was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, furthermore, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was performed to assist in the structural elucidation. The antimicrobial effect was tested against representative gram positive and negative bacteria and candida. Cytotoxicity of extract was evaluated using the mitochondrial- dependent reduction of MTT. The method used enabled identification of five flavonoid glycosides (di and mono- sugar) and twelve limonoids of different types viz: mexicanolides, phragmalins and angolensate were tentatively identified. The extract was effective against tested microorganism revealing potent growth inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25566, Escherichia coli NRRN 3008 , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and fungus Candida albicans EMCC105, MIC ≤ 25µg/µl while MIC ≤ 50 µg/µl for Bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Extract showed cytotoxicity against MCF7 (Breast carcinoma cell line) compared to doxorubicin, IC50=88.1(µg/mL) but no activity on HCT 116 (Colon carcinoma cell line) and HepG2 (liver cell carcinoma) was observed. Bioactive compounds in K senegalensis flowers acetone extract possesses promising antimicrobial activity with low cytotoxic effect warrants further investigation for their therapeutic and prophylactic roles

Se ha procedido a la caracterización de los flavonoides y limonoides del extracto acetónico de las flores de la especie Khaya senegalensis (A. Juss.) El análisis de sus componentes se realizó mediante cromatografía líquida de ultra resolución (UPLC) con detección ultravioleta (UV) y de espectrometría de masas de ionización por electrospray (ESI), así como espectrometría de masas (MS / MS) para ayudar en la elucidación estructural de los compuestos. Se comprobó el efecto antimicrobiano en bacterias gram positivas y negativas y levaduras como el género Candida. La citotoxicidad del extracto se evaluó mediante la reducción mitocondrial dependiente de MTT. El método de análisis permitió la identificación de cinco glucósidos flavonoides (di y mono-azúcar) y doce limonoides de diferentes tipos:se identificaron tentativamente mexicanolidos, phragmalinas y angolensato. El extracto fue efectivo contra microorganismos (≤ MIC 25µg / l ), revelando potente efecto inhibidor del crecimiento de Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 25566), Escherichia coli (NRRN 3008), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) y el hongo Candida albicans (EMCC105). Igualmente fue eficaz a MIC ≤ 50 mg / l sobre Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). Igualmente, el extracto mostró citotoxicidad contra línea celular de carcinoma de mama (MCF7) en comparación con la doxorrubicina, (IC50 = 88.1 (µg/ mL), pero no modificó la actividad en una línea celular de carcinoma colon (HCT 116) y en células de carcinoma del hígado (HepG2). Los compuestos bioactivos en extracto acetónico de flores de K. senegalensis poseen una actividad antimicrobiana prometedora con bajos efectos citotóxicos que garantizan la necesidad de una mayor investigación para conocer completamente sus papeles terapéuticos y profilácticos

Digalacturonide flavones from Egyptian Lantana camara flowers with in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities.

A new digalacturonide flavone, luteolin 7-O-beta-galacturonyl-(2 --> 1)-O-beta-galacturonide (1), was isolated along with nine known flavone glycosides from the aqueous methanolic extract of Lantana camara (L.) flowers. Their structures were determined on the basis of the spectral data. The extract of L. camara was evaluated for antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in the acetaminophen-induced mouse liver damage model. 1 exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay with an IC50 value of 27.2 microM. Pre-treatment with L. camara extract (25 and 75 mg/ kg body weight) decreased the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) enzyme levels that were elevated by acetaminophen. Both doses of the L. camara extract ameliorated the histopathological and histochemical alterations induced by acetaminophen. The results indicate that the L. camara extract possesses hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.

Anthraquinone glycosides from Cassia roxburghii and evaluation of its free radical scavenging activity.

The methanolic extract of the leaves of Cassia roxburghii DC., was investigated for its anthraquinone glycosides and antioxidant activity. Two new anthraquinone glycosides named emodin 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-glucopyranoside (1) and aloemodin 8-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-glucopyranoside (2) along with aloemodin 8-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3), emodin (4), aloemodin (5) and one flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, were isolated from the leaves of C. roxburghii. Structures of the isolated compounds were established by UV, HRESI-MS, and 1D/2D (1)H/(13)C NMR spectroscopy. The total extract and some isolated compounds were determined against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl radical, for their free radical scavenging activity, the total alcoholic extract showed strong antioxidant activity while the two new compounds showed weak antioxidant activity.