ABSTRACT
We report the case of a patient aged 23, admitted for bilateral intrathoracic tumor, including a giant right. Surgery was performed by right sternothoracotomy. After 7 days, she presented an irreversible cardiac arrest. The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are rare and aggressive. Their incidence is 0.001% in the general population and 0.16% in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. These tumors are characterized by their risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. The treatment is the surgical resection. We analyze incidence, diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors.
Subject(s)
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Thoracic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Female , Heart Arrest , Humans , Young AdultABSTRACT
La pharmacologie des agents anesthésiques chez le brûlé est variable et imprévisible. Dans les premières 48 h, il y a une hypovolémie avec chute du débit cardiaque et des fuites plasmatiques. Après 48 h, il y a une hypervolémie avec augmentation du débit cardiaque, hypermétabolisme et la clearance des médicaments est augmentée. Parmi les facteurs de déséquilibre, on retrouve les variations des protéines plasmatiques. Deux protéines sont importantes chez le brûlé grave : l'albumine et l'alpha 1- glycoprotéine. Leur taux varie beaucoup au cours de l'évolution de la brûlure. Les agents anesthésiques dont la liaison avec ces deux protéines est prédominante verront leur pharmacocinétique modifiée. L'anesthésiste-réanimateur du service des brûlés va maîtriser ces notions pharmacologiques pour utiliser à bon escient les agents anesthésiques.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of pretreatment with a low dose of etomidate (priming dose) on the incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized double-blind study. METHODS: Forty six patients ASA physical status I - II, scheduled for abdominal elective surgery, were allocated randomly to receive either pre-treatment 0.03 mg/kg of etomidate (priming group) or placebo (control group). Sixty-seconds after the pre-treatment was injected, anesthesia was induced with etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and 60 seconds later induction was completed with fentanyl (3 microg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg). The occurrence and intensity of myoclonus were graded clinically by a blinded observer as: 0=no myoclonus, 1=mild myoclonus, 2=moderate myoclonus and 3=severe myoclonus. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Fisher test exact for qualitative variable and Student t-test for quantitative variables. RESULTS: Demographic data and the average dose of etomidate used during the induction were similar in the 2 groups (0.29+/-0.032 mg/kg in the priming group and 0.30+/-0.029 mg/kg in the control group). Twenty patients (87%) in the control group experienced myoclonic movements whereas only 6 patients (26%) in the control group had such movements (P<0,001). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with etomidate (0.03 mg/kg), given 60 seconds before induction of anesthesia, is effective at reducing etomidate-induced myoclonus, without related side-effect.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects , Etomidate/administration & dosage , Etomidate/adverse effects , Myoclonus/chemically induced , Myoclonus/prevention & control , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
L'intubation trachéale chez le brûlé de la face et du cou au stade de séquelles peut être difficile voire impossible chez certains patients. La technique de ventilation à l'aide d'un masque laryngé ou d'intubation avec un fibroscope bronchique permet de résoudre la plupart des problèmes d'intubation difficile. Les Auteurs rapportent deux observations chez deux patientes porteuses de séquelles de brûlures de la face et du cou.
